Thiophene, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-

2 - (4 - fluorophenyl) thiophene is a member of the field of organic compounds. Its physical properties are unique and are described as follows:
Under normal temperature and pressure, this substance is usually in a solid state, and the crystalline morphology may be different, which is closely related to the intermolecular forces and arrangements. In the molecular structure, the thiophene ring is connected to the 4 - fluorophenyl group, giving it a special geometric configuration and electron distribution, which in turn affects the macroscopic morphology.
On the melting point, the melting point is relatively stable due to the existence of van der Waals forces 、π - π accumulation between molecules. The exact value may vary depending on purity and test conditions, but the approximate range can be inferred from similar structural compounds, generally within a certain range. This melting point characteristic is a key guide for temperature control during synthesis, purification and application.
In terms of boiling point, compounds need to overcome intermolecular forces if they want to reach a gaseous state. The boiling point of 2 - (4-fluorophenyl) thiophene is also affected by the molecular structure, and the gas-liquid conversion can be achieved at higher temperatures. This boiling point information provides an important basis for setting the appropriate temperature in operations such as distillation and separation.
The solubility cannot be ignored either. Due to its molecular structure containing aromatic rings, it has a certain hydrophobicity and has little solubility in water. However, organic solvents, such as common toluene and dichloromethane, have relatively high solubility due to the principle of similar dissolution. This solubility characteristic is of great significance in the selection of reaction solvents, product separation and purification steps.
In addition, the density of the compound is also a key part of the physical properties. Its density is related to the molecular weight and the degree of intermolecular compactness. Although the specific value needs to be accurately measured, it provides necessary parameters for many practical application scenarios, such as material ratio and solution concentration calculation.
In conclusion, the physical properties of 2 - (4 - fluorophenyl) thiophene play a pivotal role in the research and application of organic synthesis, materials science and other fields. In-depth understanding will help to better explore and utilize this compound.

2 - (4 - fluorophenyl) thiophene, this is an organic compound with unique chemical properties. In its structure, the thiophene ring is connected to the 4 - fluorophenyl group, giving the substance unique characteristics.
From the perspective of physical properties, at room temperature, it may be a solid, but the specific melting point and boiling point are affected by factors such as intermolecular forces and crystal structures. Generally speaking, the melting point and boiling point of organic compounds are affected by molecular size, shape, and type and strength of intermolecular forces. 2 - (4 - fluorophenyl) thiophene molecules have relatively high intermolecular π-π stacking or melting point and boiling point due to the presence of aromatic rings.
Chemically, both thiophene ring and benzene ring in this compound are aromatic, and electrophilic substitution reactions can occur. The electron cloud density distribution of thiophene ring is different from that of benzene ring, and its α-site electron cloud density is higher, and electrophilic substitution reactions are prone to occur here. For example, in halogenation reactions, halogen atoms or preferentially substituted thiophene ring α-site hydrogen atoms. The fluorine atoms of 4-fluorophenyl have electron-absorbing effects, which can affect the electron cloud density distribution of benzene ring, reduce the electron cloud density of benzene ring adjacent and para-site, and change the activity of electrophilic substitution reactions.
In addition, 2 - (4-fluorophenyl) thiophene may participate in metal catalytic coupling reactions. In the presence of suitable metal catalysts and ligands, the halogen atoms (if any) on the thiophene ring or benzene ring can be coupled with other organometallic reagents to form carbon-carbon bonds and expand the molecular structure, which is of great significance in the field of organic synthesis. At the same time, the conjugated structure of the compound may give it certain optical properties, such as fluorescence properties, which may have potential applications in the field of optoelectronic materials.

2 - (4 -fluorophenyl) thiophene is widely used. In the field of pharmaceutical research and development, it is often a key intermediate. Due to the special structure of thiophene and fluorophenyl, it is endowed with unique chemical and physical properties. It can construct complex drug molecular structures through various chemical reactions, helping to create novel and highly effective pharmacological drugs to deal with various diseases.
In the field of materials science, it also has outstanding performance. It can be used to prepare organic optoelectronic materials. By virtue of its conjugate structure and fluorine atom characteristics, the photoelectric properties of the materials can be optimized, such as improving electrical conductivity, fluorescence efficiency, etc., and then applied to organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), organic solar cells and other devices to improve their performance and stability.
Furthermore, in the field of organic synthetic chemistry, 2- (4-fluorophenyl) thiophene is often used as a starting material or reaction block. Chemists use ingenious reaction routes and structural characteristics to carry out nucleophilic substitution, coupling reactions, etc., to synthesize a series of organic compounds with diverse structures, which contribute to the development of organic synthetic chemistry. Due to its important use in many fields, it has attracted the attention of researchers and the industrial community, continuously promoting progress and innovation in related fields.

There are several methods for preparing 2- (4-fluorophenyl) thiophene. One method is to use 4-fluorophenylboronic acid and 2-bromothiophene as raw materials to conduct Suzuki coupling reaction. This reaction requires palladium catalysts, such as tetra- (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), and alkalis, such as potassium carbonate. In a suitable organic solvent, such as a mixture of dioxane and water, heat and stir, the two can be coupled to form 2- (4-fluorophenyl) thiophene. During the reaction, attention should be paid to the anhydrous and anaerobic environment to prevent catalyst poisoning and affect the yield.
The second method can be started from 2-acetylthiophene. First, 4-fluorobenzaldehyde is condensed with hydroxyaldehyde under alkaline conditions to generate α, β-unsaturated ketones. The alkali used can be sodium hydroxide, etc. After reduction and desulfurization of this unsaturated ketone, zinc powder and acetic acid can be used to undergo a series of reactions to finally obtain the target product 2 - (4-fluorophenyl) thiophene. In this process, the temperature and amount of alkali need to be controlled in the hydroxyaldehyde condensation step to prevent side reactions from occurring; in the step of reduction and desulfurization, attention should also be paid to the ratio of reagents and reaction time. < Br >
Another method is to carry out the Ullmann reaction with thiophene and 4-fluoroiodobenzene as the starting material under copper catalysis. Select suitable copper salts as catalysts, such as cuprous iodide, ligands such as 1,10-o-phenanthroline, and react in high-boiling organic solvents at high temperature to promote the coupling of the two. This reaction condition is relatively harsh, requiring high reaction equipment, and requires fine control of reaction parameters, such as temperature, catalyst dosage, etc., to obtain good yield and purity.

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