Tetrahydrothiophene S,S-dioxide

What are the main uses of tetrahydrothiophene, S, S - sulfur dioxide? Although these two are not detailed in "Tiangong Kaiwu", they can be briefly described in light of today's insights and past skills.
First of all, tetrahydrothiophene is an organic compound with a special odor. In the field of gas, its function is great. Because natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas and other gases are colorless and odorless, it is difficult for people to detect when leaking, causing great safety hazards. And tetrahydrothiophene has a strong and unique odor, even a very small amount can be acutely perceived by people. Therefore, it is often added to gas as a odor agent. Once there is a gas leak, people can quickly detect it with its unique smell, and then take measures to prevent serious accidents such as fires and explosions, and ensure the safety of people and property.
As for S, S - sulfur dioxide, this term is slightly vague, and it is speculated that it may refer to sulfur dioxide-related compounds containing sulfur. In the chemical process and industrial production of the past, sulfur-containing compounds were mostly used. For example, in some dye manufacturing processes, sulfur-containing compounds can be used as intermediates. With their special chemical properties, through a series of reactions, colorful dyes can be obtained for dyeing fabrics, making fabrics rich and gorgeous. In some metallurgical processes, sulfur-containing compounds may participate in the roasting and smelting of ores, assisting in the separation and purification of metals, and improving metal quality and smelting efficiency. Although it is not detailed in "Tiangong Kaiwu", in traditional processes and production practices, such substances are indispensable and play a key role in the development of human life and production.

The physical properties of tetraammonium nickel (II), S, S - sulfur dioxide are as follows:
tetraammonium nickel (II), which is a complex formed by the coordination of nickel ions and four ammonia molecules. Its appearance is often a specific color, mostly blue crystals or solutions. This complex has a certain solubility in water, and its coordination bond between ammonia molecules and nickel ions makes the overall structure dispersible under the action of polar water molecules. And because of its structural characteristics, it has certain stability. However, in case of special conditions such as strong acids, ammonia molecules may combine with protons and break away from nickel ions, resulting in the destruction of the complex structure.
As for S, S - sulfur dioxide, this substance has unique physical properties. Its state may be gas, liquid or solid, depending on temperature and pressure conditions. Under normal conditions, it may be colorless gas with pungent odor. Its boiling point and melting point depend on the intermolecular forces, which are relatively low, indicating that the intermolecular forces are weak. The density is also different from that of common gases, which are heavier or lighter than air, depending on the specific composition and structure. Its solubility in water is considerable, and it can react with water in many ways, or form products such as sulfurous acid. This property is closely related to its participation in many chemical reactions. And because of its sulfur content, it also has unique performance in spectral characteristics, which can be accurately identified and studied by means of spectral analysis.

Tetraammonium nickel (ⅱ), S, S - sulfur dioxide compounds, each of which has its own unique chemical properties.
Let's talk about tetraammonium nickel (ⅱ) first, which has certain stability. In solution, tetraammonium nickel (ⅱ) ions exist relatively stably. This is because nickel ions and ammonia molecules are combined through coordination bonds, and the nitrogen atom in the ammonia molecule provides lone pairs of electrons to form a stable coordination structure with nickel ions. Under specific conditions, this complex can undergo ligand exchange reactions. If other ligands with stronger coordination ability, such as ethylenediamine, are added to the solution containing tetraammonium nickel (II) ions, the ammonia molecules may be gradually replaced to form new complexes. Moreover, tetraammonium nickel (II) has its own characteristics in redox reactions. Nickel ions are at + 2 valence and have certain oxidizing and reducing properties. Under the action of suitable oxidizing agents or reducing agents, their valence states may change, which may lead to changes in the structure and properties of the complexes.
As for S, S-sulfur dioxide, its chemical properties are also quite interesting. Sulfur dioxide itself has reducing and oxidizing properties. From an oxidizing point of view, in a specific reaction, the sulfur in sulfur dioxide is at + 4 valence, and electrons can be reduced. For example, when reacting with hydrogen sulfide, the two react in the middle to form sulfur elemental matter. From a reducing point of view, sulfur dioxide is easily oxidized by stronger oxidants, such as reacting with oxygen under the action of a catalyst to form sulfur trioxide. When S, S - sulfur dioxide is formed, its chemical properties will change due to the way it binds to other atoms or groups. If it binds to certain metal ions to form complexes, it will affect some properties of sulfur dioxide. For example, the coordination environment may change its redox potential, making it behave differently in redox reactions than pure sulfur dioxide. At the same time, because sulfur dioxide has the properties of acidic oxides, if the formed S, S-sulfur dioxide can be dissociated in water, it may affect the acidity and alkalinity of the solution and participate in acid-base related chemical reactions.

The synthesis method of tetraammonium nickel (ⅱ) with S, S-sulfur dioxide covers various routes, which are described in detail below.
First, the complex of tetraammonium nickel (ⅱ) can be obtained by the reaction of nickel salt and ammonia water first. Nickel salts, such as nickel sulfate and nickel chloride, are commonly used. Dissolve it in an appropriate amount of water and slowly drop it into ammonia water. Initially, nickel hydroxide precipitates, and then precipitates and redissolves, resulting in the formation of stable tetraammonium nickel (ⅱ) ions. The reaction formula is roughly: $Ni ^ {2 + } + 6NH_ {3}\ cdot H_ {2} O = [Ni (NH_ {3}) _ {4}] ^ {2 + } + 2 O H ^{-} + 6H_ {2} O $.
As for the synthesis of S, S - sulfur dioxide, often need to use a specific sulfur source and appropriate oxidant action. Sulfur sources can be selected from elemental sulfur, sulfides, etc. Oxidants include hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, etc. If the sulfur element and hydrogen peroxide are taken as an example, in an appropriate solvent, the temperature and pH of the reaction are controlled, and the sulfur can be oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to form sulfur-containing oxides, and then react with other reagents to obtain S, S - sulfur dioxide through multi-step conversion. The initial reaction may be: $S + H_ {2} O_ {2} = SO_ {2} + H_ {2} O $ (this is a simplified diagram, the actual reaction may be more complicated).
If you want to combine tetraammonium nickel (II) with S, S-sulfur dioxide, you can make the tetraammonium nickel (II) and the precursor containing S, S-sulfur dioxide co-react in a suitable reaction system. During the reaction, pay attention to factors such as temperature, reaction time, and the proportion of reactants. If the temperature is too high, it may cause the complex to decompose, and if it is too low, the reaction rate will be slow; if the proportion of reactants is inappropriate, it will be difficult to achieve the ideal product yield.
In addition, the choice of solvent for the reaction is also crucial. Water, alcohols, ethers, etc. can all be considered as solvents, and different solvents have an impact on the reaction rate and the form of the product. For example, some organic solvents may promote the dissolution and dispersion of the reactants, making the reaction more uniform, thereby improving the efficiency of the reaction and the purity of the product.
During the entire synthesis process, it is necessary to fine-tune the reaction conditions and optimize them several times in order to obtain the target product with higher yield and purity.

In the process of using tetrahydrothiophene and S, S-sulfur dioxide, there are several things to pay attention to.
First, this substance is toxic and must be used with caution. In the operation area, it must be well ventilated to prevent gas accumulation and damage to the body. The operator should use it as protective gear, such as masks, gloves and goggles, to avoid touching the skin and inhaling the body.
Times, both are active, and should be protected from fire, heat and oxygen when stored. It should be placed in yin, dry and common places, far away from fire and heat sources. The memory must be sealed to prevent leakage and deterioration.
Furthermore, use the medium to carefully control the amount and strip. If the dosage is large, it can cause the drama to be overdone, and the life does not need to be accompanied. And it should be such as temperature, pressure and timing, etc., all have a huge shadow on the fruit, and must be precisely controlled to achieve the best effect.
Also, in storage and transportation, operate according to regulations. Shockproof, collision and leakage during transportation, ensure security. The storage area should be marked clearly to make it easy for people to recognize its risks.
Repeat, use the finished utensils and leftovers, and place them properly. Do not discard them indiscriminately, according to the ring regulations, to prevent fouling rings.
At the end, the operator must be familiar with its nature and operation process. It should be specially trained before, and it should be noted that in case of sudden energy speed, damage reduction and risk. In this way, tetrahydrothiophene and S, S-sulfur dioxide were used.