7-bromobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid

Borax is an important compound of boron and is also a common borate. Among the materials involved in "Tiangong Kaiwu", borax has unique characteristics.
Borax is colorless and translucent crystals, or white crystalline powder, which is delicate to the touch. It has a salty taste and is easily soluble in water, especially in hot water. This characteristic makes borax effective in many fields.
Borax has good fusibility. In the metallurgical field, it can be used as a flux to make metal ores melt more easily at lower temperatures, greatly improving smelting efficiency. For example, in ancient swords, adding borax can make impurities in iron easier to separate and improve the quality of swords.
In glass manufacturing, borax is indispensable. The addition of borax can reduce the melting point of the glass, make the glass production process easier to operate, and enhance the thermal and chemical stability of the glass. This property makes glass products more durable and can resist sudden temperature changes and chemical attack.
In the ceramic industry, borax also plays a key role. It can be used as a glaze additive to improve the performance of the glaze, making the glaze layer on the ceramic surface more uniform, smooth and brighter.
In addition, borax is also used in the field of medicine. It has a certain disinfection and antiseptic effect and can be used for the treatment of diseases such as stomatitis and pharyngitis.
Borax, with its diverse physical properties, has shown important value in industry, medicine and many other aspects. In ancient production and life, it has made great contributions to promoting technological improvement and improving product quality.

Butyric acid, also known as butyric acid, is an organic acid that exists in nature. It has many unique chemical properties and was observed by wise men in ancient times. Although butyric acid is not described in detail in books such as "Tiangong Kaiwu", according to the ancient people's inquiry and cognition of various substances, it can be inferred that it has some insight into the chemical properties of butyric acid.
Butyric acid is acidic, which is one of its important chemical properties. It can be partially ionized in water, releasing hydrogen ions, making the solution acidic. Although the ancient wise men did not have the exact ionization theory today, in practice, they may have noticed that substances containing butyric acid have certain acid properties, such as contact with some fermentation products containing butyric acid, or feel it has a slight acid stimulus.
Butyric acid is volatile. At room temperature, butyric acid can disperse in the air and emit a special smell. This smell may have been noticed by the ancients, because during brewing and fermentation, if butyric acid is produced, its smell is easy to be perceived. Although ancient times did not have the means to accurately measure volatility, but based on smell and experience, it may be possible to know the characteristics of butyric acid volatile.
Furthermore, butyric acid can participate in the esterification reaction. When butyric acid and alcohols are under suitable conditions, ester compounds can be formed. In the ancient brewing process, the reaction between butyric acid and alcohol was accidentally promoted to generate esters with special aroma, which added a unique flavor to the brewed products. Although the ancients did not clearly explain this process in terms of chemical theory, it has been observed in practice that changes in the smell and taste of products under specific conditions are related to butyric acid.
In addition, butyric acid is flammable. In the presence of appropriate temperature and oxygen, butyric acid can burn. Although there is no research on the combustion properties of butyric acid in ancient times, it has been observed to be flammable when handling substances containing butyric acid, or due to accidental encounters with open flames.

The synthesis of ester acids is also a common substance, and there are various methods for its synthesis. Although the synthesis of ester acids is not detailed in "Tiangong Kaiwu", it can be obtained by considering the principles of chemistry and the traces of ancient methods.
First, the method of esterification of alkyd acids. The combination of alcohol and acid phase, plus a catalytic agent, such as sulfuric acid, and the condition of constant heating. Although the "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not explicitly state this specific method of making ester acids, the book has much inspiration for the principles of various compounds. Alcohols, such as ethanol, can be obtained from ordinary brewing. Acids, such as acetic acid, are also common. The two are mixed. In the context of catalysis, the hydroxyl group of ethanol interacts with the carboxyl group of acetic acid to remove a molecule of water and form ester acids. The catalysis of sulfuric acid is due to its ability to increase the reaction rate, but sulfuric acid is highly corrosive.
Second, the method of alcoholysis of acyl chloride. First, the acid chloride is prepared, and the acid is combined with a chlorination reagent, such as acetic acid interacting with phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus pentachloride to obtain acetyl chloride. Then the acetyl chloride meets the alcohol and reacts quickly to form an ester acid. This method reacts quickly, but the chlorination reagents are more toxic and corrosive. In ancient conditions, the preparation and operation are not easy.
Third, the method of ester exchange. Under the action of a catalyst, an existing ester and an alcohol exchange their groups to form a new ester acid. For example, a certain ester and ethanol are added with a catalyst, and a new ester acid product can be obtained by reaction. This is commonly used in chemical industry, but there is no precise catalysis and separation technology of today in ancient times, and its application may be limited.
Although ancient chemistry was not as precise as today, the chemical ideas contained in "Tiangong Kaiwu", such as material transformation and the grasp of reaction conditions, can be the basis for exploring ester acid synthesis. Looking at various synthesis methods, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In today's chemical industry, according to actual needs, easy access to raw materials, cost considerations, etc., choose the best and follow them.

In "Tiangong Kaiwu", the use of carboxylic acid is quite extensive. In the field of food, it can be used for seasoning. Vinegar contains acetic acid, which can increase the taste of food, remove the tang of meat, and relieve the fishy smell of fish. When cooking, less acetic acid is added, and the taste of dishes is special, and the fragrance is even more.
In the field of medicine, carboxylic acid also has its own function. Ancient healers knew that it can be disinfected and sterilized. Some herbs are processed and treated with carboxylic acid, which can increase the efficacy of medicine. And in terms of nourishing the body, if taken in moderation, it can be used with the spleen and stomach to help transport and transform.
In the textile and dyeing industry, carboxylic acid is also indispensable. When dyeing the cloth, a specific carboxylic acid is used to assist the dyeing, which can make the color adhere more firmly, and the color of the cloth will not fade for a long time, and it will be as bright as ever. The smoothness of the fabric is also improved by carboxylic acid treatment, and the touch is better.
In the field of leather production, carboxylic acid can make leather soft. In the tanning process, carboxylic acid is used to make the leather fibers loose, the leather surface is smooth, and the leather goods made are durable and beautiful.
Furthermore, in metal processing, carboxylic acid can be used as a rust remover. Metalware rusts after being left for a long time, and it is washed with a liquid containing carboxylic acid. The rust is easy to remove, which can retain the quality of the metal and extend its service life.
It can be seen that carboxylic

In today's world, business conditions are unpredictable, and the market price of butyric acid is difficult to determine with certainty. However, according to information from various parties and past market estimates, its price is between [X] and [X].
The ups and downs of the market situation are related to many ends. The first one to bear the brunt is the balance between supply and demand. If the demand for butyric acid increases greatly, such as the pharmaceutical, food and other industries are thirsty for it, but the production is not enough, the price will rise; on the contrary, if the supply exceeds the demand, the stock will be in the warehouse, and the price will be downward.
Furthermore, the price of raw materials also affects the whole body. The production of butyric acid requires specific raw materials. If the price of raw materials is high, the cost of making butyric acid will increase, and its price will also rise; if the price of raw materials falls, the cost can be controlled, and the price may stabilize or decrease.
There are policy guidelines, and they also have far-reaching implications. If the government issues policies that favor the production of butyric acid, such as tax cuts, subsidies, etc., the burden of producers will be reduced, and the price may be close to the people; if strict regulations are imposed, the cost of producers will rise, and the price will be difficult to drop.
There is a situation of market competition again. Manufacturers compete for customers, grab shares, or reduce prices to increase sales; however, when there is an exclusive monopoly or oligopoly, the price is often controlled by them, either high or low, depending on their calculations. < Br >
is based on the market price of butyric acid, but to know the exact number, it is still necessary to carefully observe the real-time market conditions, changes in supply and demand, and various reasons in order to make an accurate judgment.