5-chloro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid

Borax is widely used. In ancient times, people have known its many wonders.
First, in the field of medicine, borax has the power of clearing away heat and eliminating phlegm, detoxifying and antiseptic. "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "Borax has a sweet taste, slightly salty, cold in nature, and non-toxic." It is often used to treat swelling and pain in the throat. The throat is the key to the meridians, and it is easy to be invaded by evil poison, causing swelling and pain to be difficult to swallow. Borax can clear away heat and detoxify, reduce swelling and relieve pain. It can be used as medicine or taken externally. External use is often combined with other medicines as a powder, blowing on the affected area can reduce swelling and pain; internal use can help the evil of phlegm and heat in the body to discharge, making the airway unobstructed.
Second, in the art of alchemy, borax also has its uses. In the process of alchemy by the ancients, borax was often used as a flux. In order to refine miraculous medicinal pills, the Dan family needs to melt all kinds of gold and stone minerals. Borax can reduce the melting point of minerals, so that they can be fused at relatively low temperatures, and help alchemists achieve their goals. Although many methods of alchemy do not exist today, at that time, the role of borax in this field should not be underestimated.
Third, in the production of technology, borax also contributes. For example, in the production of ceramics, borax can be used as a glaze additive. Adding borax to the glaze gives better gloss after firing, and can enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the glaze surface. Ceramic utensils can be more exquisite and durable, and the power of borax is also. For example, when welding metals, borax can remove oxides from the metal surface, making the welding more firm. Because it can react with metal oxides to form fusible borates, the solder and the metal can be better combined.
The use of borax was used in medicine, alchemy, craftsmanship and other fields in ancient times, each of which showed its ability, adding luster to the life and technical development of the ancients.

To make carboxylate, there are three methods.
First, neutralize with carboxylic acid and base. Carboxylic acid is acidic, and neutralization occurs when it encounters base. If acetic acid and sodium hydroxide are mixed, the two combine, and the hydrogen ion in the acid combines with the hydroxide ion in the base to form water. The rest is acetate ion and sodium ion, then sodium acetate. The reaction formula is: $CH_ {3} COOH + NaOH\ longrightarrow CH_ {3} COONa + H_ {2} O $. This reaction is easy to control, and the yield is quite high. The raw materials used are also common and easy to find.
Second, halogenated hydrocarbons react with carboxylate. The halogen atoms of halogenated hydrocarbons are active and can be replaced by the carboxylic acid groups of carboxylic salts. For example, bromoethane and sodium carboxylate under suitable conditions, the bromine atoms leave, the carboxylic acid groups connect, and new carboxylate and sodium halide are produced. Taking bromoethane and sodium acetate as an example, the reaction is as follows: $CH_ {3} CH_ {2} Br + CH_ {3} COONa\ longrightarrow CH_ {3} COOCH_ {2} CH_ {3} + NaBr $. This reaction requires the selection of suitable solvents and catalysts to promote the smooth progress of the reaction.
Third, hydrolysis of esters. Esters can be hydrolyzed under the catalysis of acids or bases. Hydrolysis under alkaline conditions results in carboxylic acid and alcohol. For example, ethyl acetate in sodium hydroxide solution breaks the ester bond to form sodium acetate and ethanol. The reaction formula is: $CH_ {3} COOC_ {2} H_ {5} + NaOH\ longrightarrow CH_ {3} COONa + C_ {2} H_ {5} OH $. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis is more complete than acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, because the base can react with the generated carboxylic acid, causing the equilibrium to shift to the right.
All three are common methods for preparing carboxylic salts. Choose carefully according to many factors such as the characteristics of the desired carboxylate, the availability of raw materials, and the reaction conditions.

Borax is a common mineral in nature, and its chemical composition is sodium tetraborate decahydrate. Borax has many unique physical properties, let me tell you one by one.
First of all, its appearance, borax is often colorless and translucent crystal shape, or white powder, brittle and the surface glass luster, delicate and radiant, looks like the beauty of heaven, emitting a light and elegant luster.
Describe its solubility. Borax has a high solubility in hot water, and it quickly dissolves in hot water and turns into a clear solution. However, in cold water, its dissolution rate is slow, and its solubility is relatively low. This property is of great significance in many processes and experiments. The degree of dissolution of borax can be skillfully controlled according to different water temperatures to achieve the desired effect.
Furthermore, the melting point of borax is 741 ° C and the boiling point is 1575 ° C. When the temperature rises to the melting point, borax gradually melts from the solid state to the liquid state, just like ice and snow in the warm sun, flowing slowly. To make it boil, it needs to be raised to a very high temperature. The characteristics of this high melting point and boiling point enable borax to maintain a relatively stable form in high temperature environments. It is often used in refractory materials and other fields to provide reliable protection against high temperature attacks.
In addition, borax has a certain hardness, with a Mohs hardness of about 2-2.5. Although it is not as strong as goldstone, it is not easily damaged. Its crystal structure is orderly, giving borax a certain degree of brittleness. When struck by external force, it is easy to fracture along a specific crystal plane, showing a unique cross-sectional shape.
The physical properties of borax make it play an important role in many fields such as industry, medicine, and scientific research, contributing to human production, life, and scientific exploration.

Borax is a common inorganic compound. Its chemical properties are unique and have many characteristics.
Borax is in the state of white crystalline powder, and its aqueous solution is alkaline. In water, borax can undergo hydrolysis to form boric acid and hydroxide ions, which makes it useful in many fields. For example, in the preparation of buffer solutions, borax can be hydrolyzed to maintain the relative stability of the pH of the solution.
Borax also has certain oxidizing properties. When exposed to specific reducing agents, boron in borax can be reduced, showing the property of oxidation and reduction. This property may be applied in the metallurgical industry, and can participate in the refining and purification process of some metals, helping to separate and purify metals. < Br >
Borax can react with acid to form boric acid. Boric acid is also an important compound and is widely used in medicine, glass manufacturing and other industries. When borax meets strong acid, the coordination structure of boron in borax changes and is gradually converted into boric acid.
Borax will decompose under heating conditions. Its crystal water will be lost first, and then further decomposed to form different boron compounds. This property is of great significance in ceramics, enamel and other industries. During the firing process, the decomposition of borax can change the physical and chemical properties of the material, and improve the quality and properties of the material.
Furthermore, borax has a complexation effect on certain metal ions. It can form stable complexes with metal ions. This property can be used in analytical chemistry or for the separation and determination of metal ions. By forming specific complexes with borax, the purpose of separation and detection is achieved.
Borax has diverse chemical properties and plays an important role in many fields such as industry, medicine, and scientific research. It is a chemical substance that cannot be ignored.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "Borax is born in the place where boron is accumulated on the terrace, its shape is like salt, and the locals call it borax." Borax is in the market, and the price is variable, changing with the year, supply and demand.
In previous years, the product was abundant, and the supply and demand were suitable, and the price of borax was flat. However, when the weather is not right, drought and waterlogging invade each other, borax production decreases, and the price will rise. And it is widely used, and it is indispensable in metallurgy, chemical industry, and medicine. Users want it, and the price will rise accordingly.
Generally speaking, the price of borax per catty often fluctuates between tens and hundreds of texts. In a good year, when there is a lot of production but not a lot of growth, it is a fair price per catty or dozens of words; if you use less and less, the price can reach two or three hundred words per catty, or even nearly five hundred words, which is a high price.
There are also merchants and merchants who often make profits due to market conditions. If the price is low, you will stock it up, and if the price is high, you will sell it. It is also difficult to determine the price of borax. However, there are many people in the market who are discerning, who can observe changes in time and review the market, so as not to be trapped by the price. It is the price of borax. Although there is a range, it is difficult to determine its fixed number. It is all between the times, supply and demand, and the merchant's plan.