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3 - What are the main uses of Thiophenecarbonitrile?
3-Thiophenoformonitrile is an important intermediate in organic synthesis and has key uses in many fields.
First, in the field of medicinal chemistry, it is often a key raw material for the synthesis of drugs. Through specific chemical reactions, its structure can be ingeniously modified to prepare compounds with unique pharmacological activities. For example, for some drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and nervous system diseases, 3-thiophenoformonitrile plays an indispensable role in its synthesis route, helping to build the core skeleton of drug molecules and laying the foundation for the drug to exhibit the expected therapeutic effect.
Second, in the field of materials science, 3-thiophenoformonitrile also has outstanding performance. It can be used to synthesize organic optoelectronic materials with excellent performance. Due to the characteristics of its molecular structure, after appropriate polymerization or modification, the prepared material can effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the device in organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), solar cells and other devices. For example, in the OLED material system, compounds containing 3-thiophenylformonitrile structure can be used as light-emitting layer materials to endow the device with better luminous performance and color purity.
Third, in the field of pesticide chemistry, 3-thiophenylformonitrile is also an important synthetic block. By reacting with other chemical reagents, a variety of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides can be synthesized. These pesticides have a strong targeted killing effect on pests, while having a small impact on the environment, which is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. For example, the synthesis of some new pesticides and fungicides, 3-thiophenoformonitrile is an important starting material, which plays an important role in ensuring the healthy growth of crops.
3 - What are the physical properties of Thiophenecarbonitrile
3-Thiophenylformonitrile is a family of organic compounds with specific physical properties and is widely used in the field of chemistry. Its physical properties are described as follows:
1. ** Properties **: Under normal conditions, 3-thiophenylformonitrile is mostly colorless to light yellow liquid, and it is clear and transparent. If the purity is extremely high, it is almost colorless. This property is conducive to its operation and observation in many chemical reactions.
2. ** Melting point and boiling point **: The melting point is about -10 ° C, and the boiling point is between 220-222 ° C. Low melting point, causing it to be liquid at room temperature, increasing its fluidity, easy to mix and react; higher boiling point, indicating that it has good thermal stability, high temperature environment is not easy to volatilize, in the reaction or process requiring high temperature treatment, can maintain a stable existence.
3. ** Density **: The density is about 1.24 g/cm ³, which is slightly heavier than water. This property is crucial in the process of liquid-liquid separation or mixing. It can be separated from other liquids by means of density difference and liquid separation.
4. ** Solubility **: Slightly soluble in water, but can be miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform. Slightly soluble in water makes it easy to separate from water in aqueous systems; and its good miscibility with various organic solvents provides convenience for its use as solvents or reactants in organic synthesis, because organic reactions are mostly carried out in organic solvents.
5. ** Odor **: has a special pungent odor. Although the odor description is subjective, this special odor can be used as a preliminary identification basis, and it also warns the user to operate in a well-ventilated environment to avoid inhalation hazards to health.
3 - What are the chemical properties of Thiophenecarbonitrile
3 + -Thiophenoformonitrile is a member of the family of organic compounds. It has unique chemical properties and has important uses in many fields.
Looking at its structure, the thiophene ring is connected to the nitrile group. The presence of the nitrile group endows this compound with high reactivity. Due to the electrophilicity of the nitrile group, it can participate in many nucleophilic substitution reactions. For example, when encountering nucleophilic reagents, such as alcohols and amines, the nitrile-based carbon atoms are vulnerable to attack by nucleophilic reagents, and then react to form new compounds. This property is of great significance in the field of organic synthesis.
In terms of physical properties, 3 + -thiophenoformonitrile is mostly a solid at room temperature, and its melting point and boiling point are affected Because it contains polar nitrile groups, the intermolecular force is enhanced, so the melting point and boiling point are relatively high. And because of its certain polarity, it has better solubility in organic solvents, such as common solvents such as ethanol and dichloromethane, which can dissolve it. This property is convenient for separation and purification in experimental operations.
Furthermore, the thiophene ring of 3 + -thiophenylformonitrile also affects its chemical properties. Thiophene rings are aromatic and can undergo typical reactions of aromatic compounds, such as electrophilic substitution reactions. However, compared with benzene rings, the electron cloud density distribution of thiophene rings is uneven, which makes their electrophilic substitution reaction activity and selectivity different from benzene rings.
In addition, 3 + -thiophenylformonitrile has considerable stability under light and heat conditions. This stability is derived from the strength of the chemical bonds in the molecular structure and the action of the conjugated system. The conjugated system disperses the electron cloud, enhances the stability of the molecule, makes it difficult to decompose under general conditions, and can be stored and used for a long time.
In summary, 3 + -thiophenylformonitrile shows broad application prospects in organic synthesis, materials science and other fields due to its unique chemical properties. With its reactivity and stability, it provides strong support for the development of related fields.
3 - What are the synthetic methods of Thiophenecarbonitrile
There are various methods for the synthesis of 3-thiophenoformonitrile. One method can be started from thiophene. Thiophene is brominated to obtain bromothiophene. The bromothiophene is reacted with thiophene in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane, and there is a catalyst such as iron powder or iron tribromide, which interacts with thiophene to obtain the bromothiophene product. This bromothiophene is then reacted with cuprous cyanide in a high boiling point solvent, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, heated and co-reacted. After a nucleophilic substitution process, the bromine atom is replaced by a cyano group, and 3-thiophenoformonitrile is obtained.
Another method is to use thiophene-3-carboxylic acid as raw material. First, thiophene-3-carboxylic acid is co-heated with dichlorosulfoxide to convert the carboxyl group into an acyl chloride to obtain thiophene-3-formyl chloride. This acid chloride reacts with ammonia to form thiophene-3-formamide. Then formamide is dehydrated under the action of a dehydrating agent, such as phosphorus pentoxide or phosphorus oxychloride. Under the action of dehydration reaction, the amide group dehydrates a molecule of water and converts it into a cyano group, resulting in 3-thiophene formonitrile.
Furthermore, thiophene-3-boronic acid can also be used as the starting material In the presence of a palladium catalyst such as tetra (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) and a base such as potassium carbonate, thiophene-3-boronic acid and bromoacetonitrile in a suitable solvent such as a mixed solvent of dioxane and water, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction occurs. The borate group is connected to the bromine atom of bromoacetonitrile, and a cyanyl group is introduced to synthesize 3-thiophenoacetonitrile. This method has its own advantages and disadvantages. It should be used according to the actual situation, such as the ease of availability of raw materials, the difficulty of reaction conditions, and the high or low yield.
3 - Thiophenecarbonitrile precautions during use
3-Thiophenoformonitrile is an important organic compound, which is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, materials and other fields. However, there are many points to be paid attention to during its use, as detailed below.
The first safety protection. 3-Thiophenoformonitrile is toxic and irritating, and contact can cause skin, eye and respiratory damage. When using, be sure to wear appropriate protective equipment, such as protective gloves, goggles and gas masks, to prevent contact and inhalation. In case of accidental contact, rinse with plenty of water immediately and seek medical attention in a timely manner.
This compound should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from ignition and oxidants. Because of its flammability, it can be burned in case of open flame and hot topic, causing danger. At the same time, it should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, bases, etc. to avoid chemical reactions caused by mixed storage.
The other is the specification for use. Before using 3-thiophenylmethonitrile, it is necessary to fully understand its physical and chemical properties and related reaction mechanisms. The operation should strictly follow the operating procedures and control the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, etc., to ensure the safe and efficient progress of the reaction. During the reaction process, close attention should be paid to the reaction phenomenon. If there is any abnormality, appropriate measures should be taken immediately.
In addition, after use, its waste needs to be properly disposed of. Do not dump at will, and should be disposed of in accordance with relevant environmental regulations to prevent pollution to the environment. Appropriate methods such as incineration and chemical treatment can be used to ensure its harmlessness.
In short, when using 3-thiophenoformonitrile, safety is paramount, strict compliance with relevant regulations and operating procedures, and good protection, storage, use and waste disposal can effectively avoid risks and achieve its safe and reasonable application.
