3-Fluoro-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid

3-D-2-butanoic acid, also known as acetyllactic acid, is useful in a wide range of applications.
In the food industry, it plays a role in enhancing flavor and flavor. Because of its special fragrance, it is often used as a food flavor, which can give a special taste to food. Such as baked goods, adding it can make it dissipate the fragrance of people, improve the taste, and make the consumer more happy.
In the field, 3-D-2-butanoic acid also has an important value. It can be used in the synthesis of polymers. In terms of chemical engineering, this base can be used to synthesize compounds with specific functions, such as certain antibacterial and antiviral compounds. It provides an important raw material base for research and development, which is important for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
Furthermore, in terms of chemical engineering, it is an important raw material for synthesis. It can be used to generate various useful compounds from other compounds, such as polymer materials with special properties, etc., to promote the development of chemical engineering and help the research and production of new materials.
Therefore, 3-2-butanoic acid plays an indispensable role in many fields such as food, medicine, and chemical engineering. Its use is of great significance to all walks of life.

3-Hydroxy-2-butanoic acid, also known as acetyllactic acid, is a kind of organic compound. Its physical properties are quite characteristic and it has applications in many fields.
This substance is mostly a white crystalline solid at room temperature, with a regular shape and a fine texture. Its melting point is in a specific range, about 132-135 ° C. When the temperature rises to this range, 3-hydroxy- 2-butanoic acid gradually melts from a solid state to a liquid state, realizing the transformation of the physical state.
In terms of solubility, 3-hydroxy- 2-butanoic acid is soluble in water. In water, its molecules interact with water molecules and disperse uniformly to form a uniform and stable system. This property allows it to participate well in reactions or processes involving the aqueous phase. At the same time, it is also soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol. As a common organic solvent, ethanol has a unique molecular structure and polarity. 3-hydroxy- 2-butanoic acid and ethanol molecules can be miscible with each other by means of intermolecular forces, which facilitates its application in organic synthesis and other fields.
The odor of 3-hydroxy- 2-butanoic acid is weak and unique, and it is not pungent and strong. This odor characteristic makes it a suitable choice in some application scenarios with strict odor requirements.
In addition, it has good stability in the solid state, and can maintain its own chemical structure and properties for a certain period of time under normal storage conditions. However, when it is in a specific environment, such as high temperature, high humidity or the presence of certain catalysts, its chemical properties may change, participating in various chemical reactions and exhibiting different chemical behaviors. The physical properties of 3-hydroxy-2-butanoic acid together determine its use and value in many fields such as chemical industry, medicine, food, etc., and play an important role in industrial production and scientific research.

3-Hydroxy-2-butanoic acid, also known as acetyllactic acid, has been synthesized through the ages. The following are various synthesis methods:
###Chemical synthesis method
1. ** Using pyruvate as raw material **: Under specific reaction conditions, pyruvate can be condensed to obtain 3-hydroxy-2-butanoic acid. The reaction principle is that the carbonyl group between the pyruvate molecules condenses with the alpha-hydrogen of another pyruvate acid, and this process requires the help of a suitable catalyst. For example, in an alkali-catalyzed environment, the base can capture the alpha-hydrogen of pyruvate to form a carboanion. This carboanion nucleophilic attacks the carbonyl carbon of another pyruvate, and then forms a new carbon-carbon bond to generate 3-hydroxy-2-butanoic acid. The raw materials for this method are relatively easy to obtain, but the reaction conditions are quite harsh, the requirements for reaction equipment and operation are very high, and there are many side reactions, and the purity and yield of the product may be affected.
2. ** Synthesis by ethyl acetoacetate **: Ethyl acetoacetate is first hydrolyzed, and then converted into 3-hydroxyl-2-butanoic acid through a series of reactions. Specifically, ethyl acetoacetate is hydrolyzed into acetoacetate under alkaline conditions, and then through acidification, oxidation and other steps, the molecular structure is adjusted to achieve the synthesis of the target product. This path is relatively complicated, but each step of the reaction is more controllable, and the quality and yield of the product can be improved by optimizing the reaction conditions. However, the price of ethyl acetoacetate is relatively high, and the cost may be a constraint.
##Biosynthetic method
1. ** Microbial fermentation method **: Select specific microorganisms, such as some lactic acid bacteria, and use sugars as substrates. With the help of the enzyme system in the microorganism, 3-hydroxy-2-butanoic acid is synthesized through a series of metabolic reactions. During the fermentation process, microorganisms ingest carbohydrates and generate pyruvate through glycolysis. Pyruvate is then converted into 3-hydroxy-2-butanoic acid under the action of specific enzymes. This method is green and environmentally friendly, with mild reaction conditions and high product purity, and has good industrial application prospects. However, microbial fermentation is easily affected by environmental factors, such as temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, etc., and it is necessary to precisely regulate the fermentation conditions to ensure stable production.
2. ** Enzyme Catalytic Synthesis Method **: Extract or purify enzymes with specific catalytic activities, and carry out enzymatic reactions to synthesize 3-hydroxy-2-butanoic acid with suitable substrates. The catalytic action of enzymes is efficient and specific, which can effectively avoid side reactions and improve the yield and purity of products. However, the preparation cost of enzymes is high and the stability is not good. In practical applications, techniques such as enzyme immobilization need to be considered to improve the efficiency and stability of enzymes.

Wen Jun inquired about the price range of 3-hydroxy- 2-butanone acetic acid in the market. However, this product is mainly used in chemical raw materials or scientific research in the world, and its price often varies depending on changes in quality, purity, and supply and demand.
If it is an ordinary commercial product with a slightly lower purity, its price may range from tens to hundreds of dollars per kilogram. Due to the mature process and more mass production, the price is slightly easier.
If it is of high purity and suitable for precision scientific research experiments, because it is difficult to extract and strictly controls impurities, the price may rise to hundreds of dollars per kilogram or even more than a thousand gold. This is all due to the extremely high quality requirements of scientific research, cumbersome production processes, and greatly increased costs.
In addition, the supply and demand of the city is also the key. If there is a large number of people who need it at a certain time, and the production is insufficient, the price will rise; on the contrary, if the supply exceeds the demand, the price will also drop. In addition, the cost of origin and transportation also disturbs its price.
In short, the price range of 3-hydroxy- 2-butanone acetic acid varies according to purity, supply and demand, production and sales. It is difficult to determine the number. If you want to know the details, you need to ask the merchants in the industry or the brokers in the market to get the exact number.

3-3-2-pentyl acetate is an important material in the biochemical process, and its storage materials should be studied. This material should be stored in a low-temperature and dry environment to prevent it from being modified due to the degradation of the temperature.
The low-temperature environment can effectively inhibit its reaction rate. If the temperature is high, the activity of the 3-2-pentyl acetate molecule increases, which is easy to cause decomposition, polymerization and other reactions, resulting in the destruction of its chemical properties and loss of its original biological activity. Therefore, its storage in a refrigerated environment of about four degrees Celsius, or a lower cold environment, can make the molecule active slowly and maintain its quality.
The dry parts are also indispensable. If the temperature is high, the water molecules are easy to interact with 3-2-pentyl acetate, or hydrolysis and other unfavorable reactions. The intervention of water molecules, or the distribution of its molecules, will affect its chemical properties. Therefore, it needs to be placed near the dry gas or in the dry gas to maintain the dryness of the surrounding environment and prevent moisture invasion.
In addition, 3-2-pentyl acetate is also sensitive to light. The energy in the light may stimulate its molecules and cause actinic reactions. Therefore, the storage container should be made of opaque materials, such as brown glass bottles, etc., to block light, reduce the rate of photochemical reaction, and ensure that 3-2-pentanoacetic acid can be stored in a fixed manner, thus maintaining its effectiveness in biochemical research and phase applications.