2-Thiophene Boric Acid

The main uses of 2-% pentenedioic acid are as follows:
In ancient times, although there was no such accurate understanding as modern times, there were also many application methods based on the experience and observation of things at that time. In terms of medicinal use, after long-term practice and exploration, doctors at that time found that 2-% pentenedioic acid had a certain effect of relieving stagnation in the body and regulating qi and blood. If people feel chest and abdomen distension and poor qi and blood, using substances containing this acid as medicine according to specific processing methods can help dredge meridians, reconcile qi and blood, and relieve discomfort.
In the field of craft production, craftsmen at that time had unique applications in the fabric dyeing process. The plant or mineral containing 2% pentenedioic acid is specially boiled and extracted, and the obtained liquid can be used as a dyeing aid. When used in dyeing fabrics such as silk and linen, it can make the dye adhere better, make the color brighter and longer, improve the aesthetics of the fabric color, and greatly benefit the quality of the fabric, which adds a lot to the textile industry at that time.
In agricultural planting, although farmers did not know its chemical nature at that time, they found that sprinkling a thin solution containing this acid on crops could help resist some pests. This acid seems to be able to change the microenvironment on the surface of crops, make pests dislike approaching, or interfere with the physiological functions of pests, protect crop growth to a certain extent, reduce pest infestation, and provide assistance for grain, vegetable and fruit harvests. It is of great significance in maintaining the stability of ancient agricultural production.
Although the ancient understanding was not as good as the current scientific system, the application of 2% pentenedioic acid also showed the wisdom of the ancients and the ingenious use of natural things, which had a positive impact on many aspects of life at that time.

2-% glutaric anhydride, also known as pyroviscous anhydride, is an organic compound. Its physical properties are as follows:
- ** Appearance and Properties **: Usually white to light yellow crystalline powder, which is relatively stable at room temperature and pressure. Looking at it, it is like a delicate crystal powder. Under the low light, it seems to have a subtle luster flickering, light and delicate.
- ** Melting Boiling Point **: The melting point is about 56-58 ° C. Under this temperature environment, the solid phase will slowly melt into the liquid phase, just like ice and snow meeting the warm sun, quietly changing its form. The boiling point is about 287 ° C. When the temperature rises to such a height, the substance will transform from liquid to gaseous state and disperse in the air. < Br > - ** Solubility **: Soluble in some organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, etc., just like fish entering water, it can dissolve with it, fuse with it, and form a uniform solution; but insoluble in water, like sand and stones entering water, difficult to fuse with water, and will sink to the bottom in solid form.
- ** Smell **: It has a weak irritating smell, smelling it, like a slight sour smell in the air. Although it is not strong and pungent, it can also make people aware and remind people of its unique existence. < Br > - ** Density **: The relative density is about 1.25g/cm ³, which is slightly heavier than water. If it is placed in water, it will slowly sink.
This physical property determines the application and characteristics of 2-glutaric anhydride in many fields, and plays a key role in its performance in chemical synthesis and material preparation.

There are two methods for preparing 2-pentyne acid.
First, start with 1-pentyne. First, 1-pentyne reacts with sodium metal in liquid ammonia to obtain sodium alkyne. This reaction is because hydrogen alkyne is acidic and can be replaced with active metals. The reaction formula is: $CH\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {3} + Na\ xrightarrow [] {liquid ammonia} CH\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - Na +\ frac {1} {2} H_ {2}\ uparrow $.
Then, sodium acetylene meets ethyl chloroacetate and undergoes nucleophilic substitution. As a nucleophilic reagent, alkynyl anions attack the chlorine-linked carbon in ethyl chloroacetate, and the chlorine leaves to form alkynyl-substituted esters. The reaction formula is: $CH\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - Na + Cl - CH_ {2} - COOC_ {2} H_ {5}\ longrightarrow CH\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - COOC_ {2} H_ {5} + NaCl $.
Finally, the resulting ester is hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, re-acidified, and the ester bond is broken to form 2-valerynic acid. The hydrolysis reaction formula is: $CH\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - COOC_ {2} H_ {5} + NaOH\ xrightarrow [] {H_ {2} O} CH\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - COONa + {2} H_ {5} OH $, the acidification reaction formula is: $CH\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - COONa + H ^ {+}\ longrightarrow CH\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - CH_ {2} - COOH $.
Second, start with diethyl malonate. Diethyl malonate reacts with sodium alcohol first to generate carbon anion. This is because the methylene in diethyl malonate is affected by two carbonyl groups, and hydrogen is acidic to a certain extent. The reaction formula is: $CH_ {2} (COOC_ {2} H_ {5}) _ {2} + C_ {2} H_ {5} ONa\ longrightarrow ^ {-} CH (COOC_ {2} H_ {5}) _ {2} + C_ {2} H_ {5} OH $.
The carboanion undergoes nucleophilic substitution with 1-bromo-2-valyne to form a substituted diethyl malonate derivative. The reaction formula is: $^ {-} CH (COOC_ {2} H_ {5}) _ {2} + Br - CH_ {2} - C\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {3}\ longrightarrow CH (COOC_ {2} H_ {5}) _ {2} - CH_ {2} - C\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {3} + Br ^{-}$ 。 < Br >
Subsequently, the derivative is hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, then acidified and decarboxylated by heating to obtain 2-valerynic acid. The hydrolysis reaction formula is: $CH (COOC_ {2} H_ {5}) _ {2} - CH_ {2} - C\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {3} + 2NaOH\ xrightarrow [] {H_ {2} O} CH (COOH) _ {2} - CH_ {2} - C\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {3} + 2C_ {2} H_ {5} OH $, and the decarboxylation reaction formula after acidification is: $CH (COOH) _ {2} - CH_ {2} - C\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {3}\ xrightarrow [] {\ triangle} CH_ {2} - C\ equiv C - CH_ {2} - CH_ {3} - COOH + CO_ {2}\ uparrow $.

When storing and transporting 2-% pentyl heptanoic acid, many matters need careful attention.
The tightness and adaptation of the first heavy packaging. It must be stored in a high-quality and corrosion-resistant container, tightly sealed, and protected from contact with external air, moisture and impurities to prevent deterioration. Because of its certain chemical activity, improper packaging or leakage, endangering the surrounding environment and personal safety.
Second inspection of the storage environment. It should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from direct sunlight and high temperature heat sources. High temperature is easy to cause its volatilization to intensify, chemical reactions to accelerate, resulting in quality damage. And it needs to be kept away from fire sources, oxidants, etc., because it may be flammable or react violently with oxidants, leading to the risk of fire and explosion.
Furthermore, be sure to be safe during transportation. Choose suitable transportation tools to ensure that the container is well fixed and avoid packaging damage caused by bumps and collisions. Transportation personnel should be familiar with its physical and chemical properties and emergency treatment measures. If there is a leak during the journey, it can be properly disposed of immediately.
In addition, whether it is storage or transportation, relevant regulations and standards should be followed. Detailed label of product name, characteristics, hazard level and other information on the packaging for identification and management. And establish a complete record system to record the information of each link of storage and transportation, such as time, location, quantity changes, etc., for traceability and inspection.
In addition, special personnel should be set up to inspect the storage and transportation places regularly. Check whether the package is leaking or damaged, and whether the environmental temperature and humidity are in compliance. If there is any abnormality, take immediate measures to reduce the harm. In this way, the safety and stability of 2-amylheptanoic acid during storage and transportation can be ensured.

At present, the price of 2-pentylenobutyric acid in the market varies depending on the purity of the quality and the situation of supply and demand.
If the quality is high and pure, the price may be high for fine chemicals. Because it is difficult to produce this pure product, it requires exquisite methods, expensive equipment and raw materials, so in the market, the price per gram can reach tens of gold, or even more than 100 gold.
However, if it is a general product, it is used in general industrial synthesis, and the quality requirements are slightly lower, and the price is easy. The price per gram may range from a few gold to more than ten gold.
In addition, market supply and demand are also the main reasons. If there are many people who want it, but there are few products, the price will rise; if the supply exceeds the demand, the price will tend to fall.
In addition, the origin and season also have an impact. Different origins, due to the cost of raw materials and the convenience of transportation, the price varies; the season changes, the abundance of raw materials and the difference in energy consumption also change the price.
Therefore, in order to know the exact price of 2-pentenobutyric acid, it is necessary to carefully observe its quality, supply and demand, and various conditions.