thiazole-4-carboxylic acid

Steric acid is of great use in the production and metabolism of living things.
In the human body, steric acid is related to the synthesis of hormones. Such as adrenal corticosteroids, which can regulate the metabolism of water and salt, sugar and protein, to maintain the homeostasis of the human body's internal environment. When people encounter stress, the secretion of adrenal corticosteroids increases, which helps the body respond, or increases blood sugar to supply energy, or adjusts immunity to prevent diseases. And sex hormones, which are related to human reproduction and sexual characteristics. Androgens can promote the development and maturation of male reproductive organs, making men masculine; estrogen plays an important role in the regulation of women's menstrual cycle and the growth of reproductive organs, and also makes women feminine and beautiful.
Steric acids are also indispensable for the growth and development of plants. Plant sterols are important components of plant cell membranes, which can maintain the fluidity and stability of membranes and help plants resist external stresses, such as cold resistance, drought resistance, and pest resistance. And phytosteric acids are involved in the synthesis of plant hormones, affecting the growth, flowering, and fruiting processes of plants.
Furthermore, in the field of medicine, steric acids are also key raw materials for pharmaceuticals. Many steroid drugs, such as anti-inflammatory cortisone drugs, are based on steric acids. Such drugs can effectively reduce inflammation, relieve pain and swelling, and treat diseases and diseases for many patients. The function of steric acids in the biological world cannot be underestimated, and they have made great contributions to the orderly operation of life and the development and progress of medicine.

Borax is the common name of sodium tetraborate, and its physical properties are quite unique. Borax is in the form of colorless translucent crystals, or white crystalline powder, which makes it unique in appearance.
Borax has a high melting point, about 743 ° C, which shows that it can maintain a relatively stable state in high temperature environments, just like an indestructible barrier. In addition, borax is easily soluble in water and can be dissolved and dispersed in water, just like fish entering water, forming an aqueous solution.
The aqueous solution of borax is alkaline, and this property is like a substance with a specific character, which is of great significance in many chemical and industrial fields. Due to its alkalinity, it can play a role in adjusting the pH value in certain reactions, acting like a precise baton to guide the reaction in a specific direction.
The density of borax is about 1.73g/cm ³, and this density data is like a unique label for it, showing the quality characteristics contained in a unit volume. In terms of appearance and touch, borax crystals are usually more delicate in texture, and when touched, they can feel their unique texture, just like fine sand grains, but with a unique smoothness.
In addition, borax will slowly weathering in dry air. This process is like the passage of time. Borax will gradually lose its crystal water, and its shape and properties will also change subtly. The physical properties of borax make it widely used in many fields, such as in glass manufacturing, which can enhance the heat resistance and transparency of the glass; in the enamel industry, it can enhance the luster and firmness of the enamel, just like putting a strong and gorgeous coat on the product.

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One of them is acidic. Carboxylic acids can partially ionize in water and release hydrogen ions, so they are acidic. This acidic nature allows them to neutralize with alkali substances, just like vinegar (containing acetic acid, a carboxylic acid) and alkali are mixed, and the two combine to produce salt and water. This is the general nature of acids, which is also common in the chemical changes of rice grains.
The second is esterification. Carboxylic acids and alcohols can undergo esterification reactions under specific conditions, such as when catalyzed by concentrated sulfuric acid and heated. During the long process of brewing rice grains, carboxylic acids meet with alcohols in the system, and the two interact to form ester compounds. This ester substance has a rich aroma, which is the key to the final formation of the unique flavor of the rice grains. Just like the aging of the rice grains, the aroma becomes more mellow and rich, and the esterification reaction is indispensable.
The third is the reaction with active metals. Active metals such as sodium and magnesium can undergo a replacement reaction with carboxylic acids, and metal atoms replace the position of hydrogen atoms in the carboxylic acid to generate hydrogen and carboxylate. This property reflects the activity of hydrogen atoms in carboxylic acids. In the brewing environment of the rice grains, if there are active metal impurities mixed in, it may trigger such reactions. Although it may be a slight change, the delicate balance of the overall chemical composition of the rice grains is also affected.
The fourth is the decarboxylation reaction. Under certain conditions, the carboxylic acid can remove the carboxyl group to form an organic compound with carbon dioxide and one less carbon atom. In the later stage of fermented rice grains, when the environmental conditions are compatible, some carboxylic acids may undergo this decarboxylation reaction. Although the degree of reaction varies depending on the specific ingredients of fermented rice grains and brewing conditions, it also adds a way for the transformation of fermented rice grains, which has potential effects on the quality and flavor of fermented rice grains.

The synthesis method of borax has existed in ancient times and has undergone evolution.
First, the method of co-heating boron-magnesium ore and soda ash can be used. Take boron-magnesium ore powder and soda ash in a certain proportion and mix it in a high temperature furnace. The furnace is hot and the temperature is extremely high, and the two react. The main components of boron-magnesium ore interact with soda ash to form borax and other by-products. This process requires precise control of temperature and time. If the temperature is not suitable or the time is wrong, the product can be impure. After the reaction is completed, the obtained product is taken out, and the borax is dissolved into the water through water leaching, filtration and other processes, while the impurities remain in the filter residue. After the filtrate is evaporated and crystallized, borax crystals can be obtained. < Br >
Second, boric acid is reacted with borax mother liquor. Prepare boric acid first, and put it into the reactor with the recovered borax mother liquor in an appropriate proportion. Stir in the kettle to make it fully mixed. Moderately heated and maintained for a certain period of time, boric acid reacts with the components in the mother liquor to gradually form borax. During this process, the rate of stirring and the temperature have a great impact on the reaction. When the reaction reaches the expected level, the reaction liquid is cooled, and borax will crystallize and precipitate. After centrifugation, washing and drying, a pure borax product can be obtained.
Third, borite can be reacted with sulfuric acid and then reacted with sodium carbonate. When boron ore encounters sulfuric acid, the boron element in the ore is converted into a soluble boric acid solution. In this step, attention should be paid to the concentration and dosage of sulfuric acid to prevent the reaction from being too violent or incomplete. Subsequently, an appropriate amount of sodium carbonate is added to the boric acid solution, and the two react to form borax. Similarly, the reaction conditions need to be precisely controlled. After the reaction is completed, the borax is finally obtained after the subsequent purification process.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" has a saying: "The price range of caramel-4-acetic acid in the market is related to the people's livelihood, and it is also the business of merchants."
In today's market, the price of acetic acid often varies according to time, place and quality. Those with pure and refined quality have a high price; those with inferior quality and miscellaneous quality have a low price.
In the prosperous capital of Dayi, merchants gather, logistics is convenient, and the supply of acetic acid is relatively sufficient. However, due to the wide demand in cities, its price is also relatively high. The price per catty is about tens of dollars for pure acetic acid; and the lesser one also costs more than ten dollars.
If the place is remote, the transportation is inconvenient, the material transfer is difficult, and the supply of acetic acid is small, the price will increase. Or more than a hundred dollars per catty is required to get it.
Furthermore, the price varies depending on the age. After the autumn harvest, the grain production is abundant, the raw materials are sufficient, and the production of acetic acid is easy, the price may drop slightly; if the value is not enough, the raw materials are thin, and the price will rise.
The rise and fall of the market, and the manipulation of merchants, all have an impact on the price of acetic acid. Those who are good at observing the market situation, when evaluating the situation, according to the local conditions, to know the range of acetic acid in the market price, can almost benefit from the operation of trade, and also benefit the needs of people's livelihood.