Thiazole-2-Carboxylic Acid

Arsenic, or arsenic trioxide, is highly toxic. In ancient times, the main use of arsenic-2-carboxylic acid was quite sinister, mostly related to murders and other evil deeds.
Looking at past cases, there are often people with ulterior motives who put arsenic-2-carboxylic acid into the diet, causing death. Because arsenic-2-carboxylic acid is colorless and odorless, it is extremely difficult to detect when mixed into food or drink. Once eaten by mistake, the toxicity will occur rapidly, causing pain and death.
As there are many koans circulating in the community, in the wealthy families, in order to compete for family wealth and seize power, some people disregard the ethics and secretly use arsenic-2-carboxylic acid to harm their relatives. Or in the midst of grievances in the rivers and lakes, villains use this poison to eradicate dissidents, and their means are ruthless. Such acts are despised by the world.
Although it is in the medical system, or there is a saying that it is used in a small amount of medicine, it is necessary to be extremely cautious. If there is a slight mistake, it will become a deadly blade. Therefore, in general, arsenic-2-carboxylic acid was used by those with evil intentions in the past, causing countless lives to be wiped out, causing many tragedies, and making the world dislike it. It is a dangerous thing.

Borax, an important compound of boron, is widely used in industry, medicine, scientific research and many other fields. Borax-2-boric acid has the following physical properties:
First, morphological characteristics. At room temperature, borax-2-boric acid is mostly in the state of colorless translucent crystals or white powder, with a clean appearance. The crystals often have regular geometric shapes. They refract and shine under light, which is quite ornamental.
Second, solubility. Its solubility in water is quite good, and the degree of solubility is closely related to temperature. When the temperature increases, the solubility increases significantly. In hot water, borax-2-boric acid can dissolve quickly to form a uniform solution; in cold water, the dissolution rate is relatively slow.
Third, density characteristics. The density of borax-2-boric acid is moderate, about [X] g/cm3, which is smaller than that of common metals and is similar to that of some salts. This characteristic makes it possible to perform in some application scenarios where density needs to be controlled.
Fourth, melting point properties. The melting point of borax-2-boric acid is [X] ° C. When the temperature rises to the melting point, it will gradually change from solid to liquid and undergo a phase transition. This melting point characteristic can be used as a flux in the fields of material processing and metallurgy to reduce the melting point of other substances and help the reaction process.
Fifth, hygroscopic properties. Borax-2-boric acid has a certain hygroscopicity. In a humid environment, it is easy to absorb moisture in the air and cause its own deliquescence. Therefore, it needs to be stored in a dry environment to prevent deterioration.
Sixth, odor and taste. Borax-2-boric acid has no special smell and tastes slightly salty. This taste characteristic needs special attention in some food or pharmaceutical application scenarios, because although it has certain medicinal value, excessive intake is harmful to the human body.

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Butyric acid, its chemical properties, is quite specific.
Butyric acid, at room temperature and pressure, is a colorless oily liquid with a pungent and rancid smell. Its melting degree is very low, about -7.9 ° C, and its boiling degree is 163.5 ° C. This substance has a certain solubility in water, but it is also easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and trichloromethane.
From the essence of chemistry, butyric acid is a saturated fatty acid. In its molecular structure, it has a functional group of carboxyl groups (-COOH), which endows butyric acid with significant acidity. In aqueous solutions, butyric acid can be partially ionized and release hydrogen ions (H 🥰), so it is acidic. Although its acidity is not as strong as strong acids, it is enough to neutralize with alkali substances to generate corresponding salts and water.
Butyric acid can also participate in the esterification reaction. When butyric acid and alcohols are catalyzed by acids and heated, ester compounds and water can be formed. This ester product often has a unique aroma and is widely used in many fields such as fragrances.
Furthermore, butyric acid also has a unique performance in oxidation reactions. Under suitable conditions, it can be oxidized to higher carboxylic acids or other oxidation products. This oxidation reaction may require a specific catalyst and reaction environment, but it is also an important way for the chemical transformation of butyric acid.
Therefore, the chemical properties of butyric acid are rich and diverse, and they play an indispensable role in many chemical processes and industrial applications.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" has a saying: The synthesis method of caramel-2-acetic acid is very complicated and requires exquisite skills. There are many methods, and they can be selected and described.
First, it can be oxidized by ethanol. Take an appropriate amount of ethanol, put it in a special vessel, use copper or silver as a catalyst, and need a suitable temperature and air to pass in. Through this process, ethanol first becomes acetaldehyde, and then further oxidizes, and finally becomes acetic acid. This process requires fine regulation of temperature. If the temperature is too high, the product will be easily decomposed, and if it is too low, the reaction will be slow and it will be difficult to achieve the expected yield.
Second, ethylene is used as raw material. Under the action of a specific catalyst, ethylene and oxygen oxidize to form ethylene oxide, which reacts with water to produce ethanol. Ethanol is oxidized according to the previous method, and acetic acid can also be obtained. The key to this method is the choice of catalyst and the control of reaction conditions. Suitable catalysts can improve the reaction rate and product purity.
Third, biological fermentation method. Select specific microorganisms, such as acetic acid bacteria, to ferment with sugar or alcohol as substrates. Under suitable temperature, pH and aeration conditions, acetic acid bacteria gradually convert the substrate into acetic acid. This is an ancient method, but it is also necessary to strictly control the fermentation environment, otherwise it is easy to be contaminated by bacteria and cause impure products.
All synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although the chemical synthesis method has high yield, it requires strict equipment and technology; the biological fermentation method is green and natural, but the product separation and purification are more complicated. Those who do this need to carefully choose the appropriate method according to actual needs, cost considerations and available raw materials, in order to obtain high-quality acetic acid to meet all needs.

In "Tiangong Kaiwu", the use of mirabilite-2-carboxylic acid is widely involved in various fields.
In the field of metallurgy, mirabilite-2-carboxylic acid can be used as a melting agent. It can reduce the melting point of ore, promote the separation of metals and gangue, make smelting smooth, improve metal purity, and be of great benefit to copper, iron and other smelting. For example, when casting copper, add an appropriate amount, the copper liquid is more fluid, and the casting texture is better.
In the chemical industry, it is an important raw material. It can be used to produce a variety of compounds for the synthesis of pigments and dyes. Like a certain kind of bright pigments, mirabilite-2-carboxylic acid participates in the reaction, determines the color and stability of the product, and adds color to the chemical products.
The field of medicine also has its own shadow. It has the effect of relieving diarrhea, can regulate intestinal function, and treats constipation. But the dosage is precisely controlled, otherwise it will damage health. Ancient physicians used it to dispense medicines to help patients improve the intestines.
In addition, it can be used as a mordant in textile printing and dyeing. When dyeing fabrics, it helps dyes adhere, making the color uniform and firm, not easy to fade, and improving the quality of fabrics.
The paper industry can improve the properties of pulp. Increase fiber dispersion, make the paper uniform, and improve paper strength, whiteness, improve the quality of paper products, and contribute greatly.
It can be seen that mirabilite-2-carboxylic acid plays a key role in many fields, and it is a substance that cannot be underestimated.