What is the Chinese name of this compound?

This compound is called pentane. Pentane is a kind of alkane, and its chemical formula is $C_ {5} H_ {12} $. Among the substances recorded in Tiangong Kaiwu, although there is no direct and clear record of pentane, it can be analyzed according to the characteristics of alkanes.

Pentane is a colorless liquid with a faint aromatic odor. Its properties are relatively stable, and it is difficult to react with many substances under normal temperature and pressure. In case of open flame or hot topic, it is easy to burn and explode, which is its significant dangerous characteristic.

Looking at its physical properties, the boiling point of pentane is quite low, about 36.1 ° C, so it is very volatile into a gaseous state in a warm environment. Its density is less than that of water, about 0.626g/cm ³. If it is accidentally sprinkled on water, it will float on the water surface. And it is insoluble in water, but it can be miscible with most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether and the like.

As for the use of pentane, although it is not detailed in "Tiangong Kaiwu", it is now known that it is often used as an organic solvent in the industrial field. It can be used in the manufacture of coatings, inks, adhesives, etc., and the solute is evenly dispersed to form usable products. In chemical production, it is also an important raw material. After many chemical reactions, it can produce a variety of organic compounds, which contribute to industrial development.

What are the characteristics of the chemical structure of this compound?

The chemical structure of this compound has a number of characteristics. First, its atoms are arranged in an orderly manner, and the atoms are connected to each other according to specific laws, resulting in a stable structure. Like a delicate tenon-and-mortise structure, the parts are tightly connected to ensure overall stability. This orderly arrangement affects many properties of the compound, such as physical state and chemical activity.

Second, the properties of chemical bonds are quite critical. Covalent bonds are common among them, and atoms share electron pairs and are closely connected. The strength and polarity of covalent bonds play an extraordinary role in the stability and reactivity of compounds. Strong covalent bonds make the compound a solid structure, while covalent bonds cause uneven charge distribution, giving compounds unique chemical properties and can undergo specific reactions with other substances.

Third, the presence of functional groups is an important indicator. Different functional groups endow compounds with unique chemical properties. Functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups each have their own special reactivity. Hydroxyl groups easily participate in the formation of hydrogen bonds, which affects the solubility and boiling point of compounds; carboxyl groups are acidic and can neutralize with bases. The type and location of functional groups determine the type and direction of chemical reactions that compounds can participate in.

Fourth, the spatial configuration should not be underestimated. The three-dimensional structure of a molecule affects its interaction with other molecules. The steric hindrance effect is significant. If the spatial position of the group is crowded, it will hinder the chemical reaction. The specific spatial configuration is conducive to the precise recognition and binding between molecules, which is crucial in the interaction between bioactive molecules and receptors. It is just like the fit of keys and locks, which determines whether physiological functions can be realized.

What pharmacological activities might this compound have?

This compound may have the following pharmacological activities:
First, it has the effect of nourishing qi and blood. "Shennong Materia Medica Classic" says: "Medicine has the cooperation of yin and yang... It is announced by phase." Qi and blood are the foundation of the human body. If qi and blood are deficient, various diseases are prone to occur. This compound may promote blood biochemistry, supplement the qi and blood required by the viscera and meridians, and make the complexion ruddy and full of spirit. For example, Astragalus, Angelica and other medicines are often known for double supplementation of qi and blood. This compound may have similar effects and can be used for fatigue, dizziness and other diseases caused by insufficient qi and blood.
Second, it has the ability to calm the mind and settle the mind. "The Secret Book of Suwen Linglan says:" The heart is the official of the monarch, and the gods are out. " Most people today are restless and insomnia and dreamy due to excessive thinking and emotional discomfort, which can cause the loss of mental nourishment. This compound may nourish the mind, calm the restless mind, make the mind quiet, and can sleep peacefully. It is like jujube seed, Yuanzhi and other medicines, which can calm the mind and improve sleep.
Third, it has the power of regulating the viscera. The viscera of the human body are related to each other. If one viscera is sick, it often tires him. This compound may coordinate the functions of the viscera, so that the viscera and six viscera perform their duties and cooperate with each other. If the liver is the main body to excrete, the spleen is the main body to transport and transform. If the liver is lost to excrete, the spleen will be dysfunctional, and abdominal distension and loss of appetite will occur. This compound may regulate the liver and spleen, restore their normal physiological functions, make the qi smooth, orderly transportation, and maintain the internal balance of the human body.
Fourth, it has the power to support the righteousness and remove evil. "Suwen · Commentary on Fever Disease" says: "Where evil collects, its qi will be weak." If there is sufficient righteousness, external evil will be difficult to invade; if the righteousness is weak, evil will be easy to multiply. This compound may enhance the righteousness of the human body, improve the ability of the body to resist external evil, and at the same time help the body to remove the evil energy that has entered, such as ginseng, Ganoderma lucidum, etc., both to correct and eliminate evil, so that the human body has a balance of yin and yang and is free from diseases.

In which fields might this compound have applications?

This compound may have applications in many fields. In the field of medicine, it may be able to use its unique chemical properties to bring new opportunities for drug research and development. Or it can be used as a drug carrier to precisely deliver drugs to the focus of the disease, improve the efficacy and reduce side effects; or it has its own pharmacological activity. After in-depth research and modification, it is expected to become a new type of therapeutic drug, providing help for the treatment of difficult diseases.

In the field of materials science, this compound may exhibit excellent properties. If it has good thermal stability and mechanical properties, it can be used to prepare high-end engineering plastics, which can be used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other industries that require strict material properties to improve product quality and performance. If it has special optical or electrical properties, or shines in the field of electronic devices and optical materials, such as the preparation of high-performance sensors, Light Emitting Diodes, etc.

In the field of agriculture, there are also potential applications. Or it can be reasonably designed to develop into a new type of pesticide or plant growth regulator. If it has high-efficiency repellent or killing effect on specific pests, and is safe and harmless to the environment and crops, it will provide strong support for the development of green agriculture; if it can regulate the growth and development process of plants, improve crop yield and quality, it will also be a blessing for agricultural production.

In the food industry, if the compound meets relevant safety standards, it can be used as a food additive. If it has antioxidant properties, it can delay the oxidative deterioration of food and prolong the shelf life; if it has characteristics such as flavoring and color enhancement, it can improve the sensory quality of food and enhance consumer acceptance.

In addition, in the field of environmental protection, it may be used for wastewater treatment, waste gas purification, etc. With its special chemical structure and reactivity, it absorbs or degrades environmental pollutants, helping to improve the quality of the ecological environment.

What are the methods for synthesizing this compound?

There are many ways to synthesize this compound, and the following are detailed by you.

First, it can be prepared by nucleophilic substitution reaction. Select suitable halogenated hydrocarbons and nucleophilic reagents, and under appropriate reaction conditions, the halogen atom is replaced by a nucleophilic reagent to obtain the compound. The choice of halogenated hydrocarbons is very critical, and factors such as its reactivity and steric hindrance need to be considered. The activity of nucleophilic reagents also affects the reaction process. Those with high activity may increase side reactions, and those with low activity may slow down the reaction rate. The properties of the reaction solvents also affect the reaction. Polar solvents may be conducive to ionic nucleophilic substitution reactions, while non-polar solvents are suitable for some specific reactions. Reaction temperature, time and other conditions also need to be carefully regulated to achieve the < Br >
Second, synthesized by addition reaction. If the compound has an unsaturated bond, a suitable unsaturated substrate can be reacted with an addition reagent. Such as the addition of olefins to hydrogen halides, water, etc., alkynes can be selectively added to form target compounds. However, the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of the addition reaction must be paid attention to. Different catalysts and reaction conditions can guide the addition reaction to proceed according to different paths, such as the choice of Markov addition and anti-Markov addition. The type and dosage of catalysts have a great influence on the reaction rate and selectivity, and some metal catalysts can precisely regulate the stereochemical results of the reaction.

Third, condensation reactions are also commonly used methods. Under the catalysis of alkali or acid, carbonyl compounds such as aldol and ketone and compounds containing active hydrogen can undergo condensation reaction to obtain the target product. During the condensation reaction, the stability of the intermediate and the movement of the reaction equilibrium are crucial. Controlling the reaction conditions, such as pH, temperature, etc., can promote the reaction to proceed in the direction of generating the target compound. Strict anhydrous conditions are required for part of the condensation reaction, otherwise it is easy to cause side reactions to occur, affecting the purity and yield of the product.

Fourth, the redox reaction can also be used for the synthesis of this compound. The purpose of structural transformation is achieved by oxidizing or reducing suitable precursors. The key is to choose a suitable oxidizing agent or reducing agent. Strong oxidizing agents may cause excessive oxidation and weak oxidizing agents may not react completely. In the reduction reaction, the reduction ability and selectivity of different reducing agents are different, and the selection should be reasonable according to the substrate structure and target product requirements. The pH, temperature, reaction time and other factors of the reaction system all affect the process and result of the redox reaction.