4-Thiazolecarboxylic acid

The main purpose of 4-carboxylic acid is to be used in all kinds of fields. The way to make it is the essential material for making it. It has the ability of antibacterial and antiseptic, and can be used in the system of antiseptic and antiseptic, so that the product can be used for a long time without being damaged, and its effect can be maintained. For example, some external ointments and water systems are often used to improve their products.
It is also indispensable for chemical products. Because of its antiseptic properties, it can be placed in chemical products to prevent the growth of bacteria and protect the stability of chemical products, so that the cream, lotion, and detergent can be stored for a long time without being corrosive, and the user's skin can be safe.
In the food field, 4-carboxylic acid and its esters can be used as food antiseptic. It can inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms in food and prolong the shelf life of food. Such as the processing of food ingredients, vegetables, cakes, etc., when used in quantity, it can protect the taste and taste of food products, prevent their rot, and facilitate the circulation and sale of food.
Furthermore, in the chemical industry, it is also used in the synthesis of fat, plastics, etc. to help improve the performance of materials, such as increasing the quality of fat, making it durable in different environments. It is used in various plastic products and increases its value in the way it is used. In addition, 4-alkylbenzoic acid, with its various characteristics, has important uses in food, chemicals, food, chemicals, etc., promoting the development of various industries and benefiting people's livelihood.

4-Dimethyl butyric acid, also gamma-dimethyl butyric acid, has a general physical property. Under normal conditions, it is a liquid of color and taste, but there are also different shapes such as white powders and capsules.
In terms of solubility, 4-dimethyl butyric acid is easily soluble in water. This property allows it to be rapidly dispersed and dissolved in the environment of aqueous solutions, and it is clear and transparent when dissolved in aqueous solutions.














< br The boiling temperature is 207 ° C, and the boiling phase is high, reflecting that it needs to provide more energy to overcome molecular forces.
In terms of density, the density of 4-butyric acid is 1.2 g/cm ³, which is slightly higher than the density of water. If it is placed in water, it can be placed under water.
In addition, 4-butyric acid has a certain acidity, and the alkyl and carboxyl functions in its molecules enable it to generate acid under certain conditions. This acidic property can be exploited in the field of synthesis and the like, and can be used for specific reactions.
In addition, the general physical properties of 4-ethylbutyric acid make it exhibit a specific physical activity in different environments and application scenarios.

4-Pyridinecarboxylic acids are organic compounds with multiple unique chemical properties. Its appearance is white to light yellow crystalline powder, soluble in water and some organic solvents.
From an acidic point of view, 4-pyridinecarboxylic acids contain carboxyl groups, which are acidic groups that can release protons in aqueous solutions and exhibit acidity. Although its acidity is weaker than that of common inorganic acids, it is moderately acidic compared with many organic acids. Under suitable conditions, it can neutralize with bases to form corresponding carboxylic salts. For example, when reacted with sodium hydroxide, sodium 4-pyridinecarboxylate can be formed with water.
In terms of the characteristics of nucleophilic substitution, the nitrogen atom on the pyridine ring has a certain electronegativity, which makes the electron cloud on the ring uneven. This structural characteristic makes 4-pyridine carboxylic acid vulnerable to nucleophilic reagents. Under appropriate reaction conditions and catalysts, nucleophilic substitution can occur at specific positions on the carboxyl group or pyridine ring, and then different substituents can be introduced to create conditions for the synthesis of various derivatives.
It also has coordination ability. The nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring and the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group can be used as coordination atoms to form complexes with metal ions. These complexes have important applications in catalysis, materials science and biomedicine. For example, some 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid metal complexes can be used as catalysts, exhibiting good catalytic activity and selectivity in specific organic reactions.
In addition, there is a conjugate system in the 4-pyridinecarboxylic acid molecule, which has a significant impact on its physical and chemical properties. The conjugate system imparts certain stability to the molecule, and at the same time, the compound has characteristic absorption peaks in specific wavelength ranges, which can be used for its qualitative and quantitative analysis.
To sum up, 4-pyridinecarboxylic acids have broad application potential in many fields such as organic synthesis, coordination chemistry and materials science due to their unique structure, which combines various chemical properties such as acidity, nucleophilic substitution activity, coordination ability and conjugation effect.

4-Pentenoic acid is an organic compound with an alkenyl group and a carboxyl group. In the context of "Tiangong Kaiwu", although there was no modern organic synthesis concept and technology at that time, its synthesis method can be inferred from the perspective of chemical conversion.
First, it can be converted from natural oils. In ancient times, there were processes such as making soap from oils and fats. Fatty acids and glycerol can be obtained by hydrolysis of oils and fats. If the obtained oils contain a specific unsaturated structure, the alkenyl group can be introduced and the carboxyl group retained through appropriate steps. For example, after some vegetable oils or animal oils are hydrolyzed, the resulting fatty acids can be oxidized, decarboxylated and other series of reactions to try to construct an alkenyl structure. Although such precise operations are not described in "Tiangong Kaiwu", the properties and reactions of oils and fats have been
Second, starting from plant extracts. Many plants contain compounds with special structures. Can be extracted from plants containing alkenyl and carboxyl-related compounds, and then chemically converted. There is a certain accumulation of plant medicinal uses and extraction technologies in ancient times, or crude extracts containing the target structure can be obtained by boiling, extraction, etc., and then purified and converted by acid-base treatment, distillation, etc., so that the structure is close to 4-pentenoic acid.
Third, take the fermentation method as the idea. Ancient fermentation technology is mature and used for winemaking, sauce making, etc. Specific microorganisms can be screened and fermented using raw materials such as carbohydrates and amino acids. Microbial metabolism process may be able to synthesize compounds containing alkenyl and carboxyl groups. Although it is difficult to precisely control the generation of 4-pentenoic acid, by adjusting the fermentation conditions, such as temperature, pH, raw material ratio, etc., the product may be close to the target structure, and then 4-pentenoic acid can be obtained by subsequent separation and purification.

In today's market, the price of 4-hydroxybutyric acid is difficult to determine. There are two reasons. First, this product is often involved in illegal uses, and it is rarely seen in public prices. Second, the law strictly prohibits its non-medicinal circulation, and the transaction is secret. The price is also unstable.
However, considering the relevant cases and dark market rumors in the past, the price is often different due to changes in quality, quantity, land, and supply and demand. There may be clouds. In some secret transactions, if the price is measured in small quantities, the price per gram can reach tens of gold, or even more than a hundred gold. If it is a large transaction, the price of the unit may be slightly reduced due to wholesale reasons, but it is also high.
Of course, 4-hydroxybutyric acid is a controlled psychotropic substance, and its illegal trade, possession, and use violate the laws of the country. Even if there is a price, it cannot be involved. Our generation should abide by the law, stay away from such prohibited things, keep physical and mental safety, and protect the peace of society. Although there may be private bargaining about its price in the market, it is all involved in illegal acts, which is not enough for the good and cannot be relied on.