2-Aminothiazole-4-carboxylic acid

2-% hydroxybutyric acid-4-lactone, also known as gamma hydroxybutyric acid, referred to as GHB, is a central nervous system inhibitor. It is clearly listed as a drug for control in our country. Illegal cultivation, production, possession and use are strictly prohibited, and there is no "main use" at all.
This substance has been studied for anesthesia and auxiliary treatment in the medical field, but because of its addictive nature, serious damage to human health and easy to be abused, most countries and regions have abandoned its medicinal use. Once contaminated, it will quickly become addicted, cause irreversible damage to the nervous system, cause memory loss, confusion, and even endanger life.
Because it is colorless and odorless, easily soluble in water and beverages, it is often used by criminals to commit crimes, such as secretly mixing drinks in parties and entertainment venues, roosting others, and seriously endangering social security and personal safety of citizens. Therefore, any act involving this material is illegal and will be severely punished by law. We must recognize its harm, stay away from drugs, and protect the health and social peace of ourselves and others.

2-Aminobutyric acid-4-phosphonic acid is a special compound. Its physical properties are quite explainable.
Looking at its shape, it is often in the shape of white crystals, just like the snow that falls in the early winter, pure and delicate, or slightly shiny under light, such as the first shimmer of pearl dust. This crystalline form is conducive to its storage and use under specific conditions.
When it comes to solubility, in water, it has a certain solubility, just like fish entering water, it can be dispersed more smoothly, but it is not unlimited. The degree of solubility is related to water temperature, water quality, etc. If the water temperature is suitable, it dissolves more smoothly, and in polar organic solvents, it also has a certain dissolution performance, but it is different from water.
In terms of melting point, it has its specific value, just like a boundary door. When the temperature rises to this point, it will gradually turn from solid to liquid. The characteristics of this melting point are the key basis for identification and purification, just like a precise ruler in the hands of craftsmen to measure its purity and quality.
Density is also an important part of its physical properties, just like the key to measure the relationship between the weight and volume of an object. The specific density gives it a unique settlement or floating characteristics in different media. In experiments and practical applications, it is the key to distinguish and operate.
In addition, its stability is quite good under certain conditions, just like a sturdy fortress, which can resist the interference of some external factors. In case of extreme environments such as strong acid, strong alkali or high temperature, it will also encounter strong earthquakes like a fortress, and its structure and properties may change. These many physical properties are important references in many fields such as medicine and chemical industry. For example, doctors need to know the medicinal properties of drugs, and craftsmen need to know the material properties. The research and application of 2-aminobutyric acid-4-phosphonic acid also depends on the accurate grasp of its physical properties.

To make 2-hydroxybutyric acid-4-lactone, there are various methods. Today, the body of "Tiangong Kaiwu" is imitated, and it is described in ancient Chinese.
First, it can be obtained by reducing and lactating succinic anhydride. Take succinic anhydride first, put it in a kettle, add it slowly with an appropriate reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride, and control the temperature. Sodium borohydride has strong reducing properties and can gradually reduce the carbonyl group of succinic anhydride to a hydroxyl group. After the reaction is completed, then go through the step of lactating. Add an appropriate amount of acid as a catalyst and heat it to promote the condensation of the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group in the molecule, and lose water to form 2-hydroxybutyric acid-4-lactone. In this process, the temperature and the amount of reagents need to be accurately controlled. If there is a slight difference, the yield will be affected.
Second, acrylate is used as the starting material. First, acrylate and formaldehyde are catalyzed by alkali to carry out hydroxyaldehyde condensation reaction. For bases, sodium hydroxide can be selected, which can promote the nucleophilic addition of the two to obtain intermediates containing hydroxyl groups and ester groups. Then this intermediate is reduced to hydroxyl groups, and reducing agents such as sodium borohydride can still be used. Finally, under appropriate conditions, the intra-molecular ring is formed to obtain the target 2-hydroxybutyric acid-4-lactone. In this path, the reaction conditions of each step, such as reaction time, temperature, pH, etc., are all related to the success or failure and the purity of the product.
Third, acetaldehyde is used as the raw material. Acetaldehyde is condensed by itself to obtain 3-hydroxybutyric aldehyde, which is then oxidized to 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and then dehydrated into an intra-molecular lactone by suitable methods, such as heating under acid catalysis. Although the raw materials are easily available in this process, the control of each step of the reaction is not easy. Special attention should be paid to the oxidation step to avoid excessive oxidation and impurity of the product. < Br >
The methods for preparing 2-hydroxybutyric acid-4-lactone vary, each with its advantages and disadvantages. They all need to be selected according to the actual situation, such as the availability of raw materials, cost, and purity of the desired product.

The price of 2-hydroxybutyric acid-4-lactone varies according to the quality of the market and the supply and demand of the market. When the quality is high and the supply is less than the demand, the price will be expensive; if the quality is flat and the supply exceeds the demand, the price will tend to be affordable.
I have heard that the price of this medicine in the market is about tens to hundreds of dollars per gram. However, there are also people who vary depending on time and place. If in a prosperous city, the demand is large and the goods are scarce, the price may be more than hundreds of dollars per gram; and in a remote place, the demand is small and the goods are in stock, the price may be tens of dollars per gram.
In addition, the preparation of this medicine requires exquisite skills, and the materials used are also exquisite, so the cost is related to the pricing. Those who are good at making can control the cost, and the price may be slightly flat; those who are inferior to the manufacturer, the cost is high, and the price is also high. And the tightness of the law is also a variable of the price. When the law is strict, the manufacturer is thin, and the price will rise; when the law is wide, there will be a large number of people entering the market, and the price may drop.
Therefore, if you want to know the exact price of 2-hydroxybutyric acid-4-lactone, you must judge the situation and observe the quality of the market before you can get the approximate price in the market.

2-Aminobutyric acid-4-succinic acid, often exists in the form of its salts, such as sodium salts, potassium salts, etc., and can remain stable under suitable environmental conditions. Its storage conditions are quite critical, as detailed below:
First, in terms of temperature, it should be stored in a low temperature environment. Generally speaking, refrigeration conditions of 2-8 ° C are ideal. This can effectively slow down the molecular movement rate, inhibit its chemical reaction with the surrounding environment, and maintain the stability of the chemical structure. If the temperature is too high, the molecular activity will be enhanced, which will easily lead to decomposition and deterioration. If the temperature is too low, although the chemical reaction rate will be greatly reduced, it may cause changes in the physical state of the substance, such as freezing, which will affect its subsequent performance.
Second, the humidity conditions should not be underestimated, and should be stored in a dry place to avoid high humidity environments. Because of its certain hygroscopicity, if the ambient humidity is too large, it is easy to absorb moisture in the air and cause deliquescence. Deliquescence may not only change its physical form, but also cause chemical reactions such as hydrolysis due to the participation of moisture, which may damage its chemical properties.
Third, light is also an important factor and needs to be stored away from light. 2-Aminobutyric acid-4-succinic acid is sensitive to light. Under light conditions, especially high-energy light such as ultraviolet rays, it may promote intramolecular electron transitions, trigger photochemical reactions, and cause structural changes, reducing its purity and activity. Therefore, it is mostly packaged in opaque packaging materials, such as brown glass bottles or aluminum foil bags, and stored in a dark place.
Fourth, the cleanliness and non-corrosive nature of the storage environment are also extremely important. It is necessary to keep away from all kinds of chemical pollution sources and corrosive substances to prevent chemical reactions with them. At the same time, it should be stored in a special chemical storage area, reasonably separated from other chemicals to avoid cross-contamination. In this way, the quality and performance of 2-aminobutyric acid-4-succinic acid can be guaranteed during storage.