quinoline-8-thiol hydrochloride

Phosphoric anhydride is phosphorus pentoxide ($P_2O_5 $), which is a strong dehydrating agent and desiccant, and has the following chemical properties:
First, it has acidic oxide commonality. In contact with water, it reacts violently. According to the amount of water, it forms metaphosphoric acid ($HPO_3 $), and then forms phosphoric acid ($H_3PO_4 $). Combined with cold water, metaphosphoric acid is obtained. The reaction formula is: $P_2O_5 + H_2O (cold) = 2HPO_3 $; when melted with hot water, phosphoric acid is generated. The reaction formula is: $P_2O_5 + 3H_2O (heat) = 2H_3PO_4 $. It can also react with bases to generate corresponding phosphates and water. If it reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phosphate and water, the reaction formula is: $P_2O_5 + 6NaOH = 2Na_3PO_4 + 3H_2O $.
Second, it has strong dehydration. It can remove hydrogen and oxygen from many compounds containing hydrogen and oxygen elements according to the composition ratio of water. Take the reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid and sucrose as an example. Concentrated sulfuric acid has dehydration, which can carbonize sucrose, and phosphoric anhydride has especially strong dehydration. If it acts on organic substances such as sucrose, it can remove its hydrogen and oxygen elements in the ratio of water to carbonize organic substances.
Third, it has water absorption. It can be used as a desiccant to strongly absorb water in the air or other substances, and a lot of heat will be released during the water absorption process. It can dry a variety of gases, such as neutral gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, but it cannot dry alkaline gases such as ammonia because it will react with alkaline gases. If it reacts with ammonia to generate ammonium phosphate, the reaction formula is: $P_2O_5 + 6NH_3 + 3H_2O = 2 (NH_4) _3PO_4 $.

In the realm of alchemy, the acid of the eight stones of the flintlock is quite important. Alchemists desire the transformation of gold and stone in order to achieve the miracle of longevity. The acid of the flintlock can participate in the refining of many alchemy formulas. In the furnace fire tripod, it can be combined with various gold and stone medicines, or it can catalyze the reaction, so that the nature of gold and stone is integrated, and it can help alchemists find the extraordinary pill. If it is based on lead and mercury, supplemented by the acid of the flintlock, it can change the state of lead and mercury synthesis, make the properties of the pill milder, or enhance its efficacy.
In the world of smelting and casting, the eight-stone acid of the flintlock also has its use. If you want to get a good weapon, you need to make good use of all kinds of materials. The acid can be used to treat ores and help separate impurities in ores. When smelting metals such as copper and iron, an appropriate amount of acid can be added to make the furnace react more fully, and impurities can surface more easily, thereby improving the purity of metals and creating tough and sharp weapons. Swords and the like, with this help, the edge is sharper and the sword body is stronger, which can be handed down as a weapon.
In the journey of medicine, the acid of the flintlock is also indispensable. Doctors need to find all kinds of medicinal materials to treat diseases and save people. After the acid is processed, it can be used as medicine. Or can treat sores, swelling and poison, because of its corrosion and dissipation, can remove carbuncle and malignant meat, so that new muscle can be born. Or for some stubborn diseases, such as the accumulation of ruffians, it also has the effect of softening and dispersing knots, helping patients get rid of diseases and restore health.

In "Tiangong Kaiwu", there are many kinds of alum. To make sulphur and flame nitrate alum, the method is as follows:
First take the sulphur-containing ore, mostly pyrite, which is yellow and has a metallic luster. Place it in a furnace and calcinate it with a hot fire. The furnace needs to be well ventilated to make the ore fully contact with oxygen. During calcination, the pyrite is thermally decomposed and a chemical reaction occurs. The main reactions are:\ (4FeS_ {2} + 11O_ {2}\ stackrel {high temperature }{=\!=\!=} 2Fe_ {2} O_ {3} + 8SO_ {2}\), the sulfur element in the pyrite is converted into sulfur dioxide gas and escapes. The sulfur dioxide gas escaping from
is introduced into a special container. Another water is prepared in the container, and the sulfur dioxide dissolves in the water to form sulfurous acid. At this time, it is necessary to slowly pass into the air to further oxidize the sulfurous acid. The oxygen in the air reacts with sulfurous acid to form sulfuric acid. The reaction equation is:\ (2H_ {2} SO_ {3} + O_ {2 }=\!=\!= 2H_ {2} SO_ {4}\).
When the sulfuric acid is formed, take the flame nitrate, grind it into a fine powder, and slowly add it to the sulfuric acid. When the two meet, a metathesis reaction occurs, and the sulfuric and flame nitrate alum can be obtained. This process needs to be operated carefully, paying attention to the ratio of heat and raw materials, in order to obtain good products. In this way, the sulfuric and flame nitrate alum can be obtained.

In today's world, the sugar cube, star anise, and lycoric acid in the city are all cut by people. The sugar cube is white in color, sweet and mellow in taste, and can be used in food. The market is often affected by the quality of the land, the quality of the product, and the supply and demand. The high-quality sugar cube, which is a little high or a little high in quality, dissolves quickly in water, and the taste is also correct. If it is an ordinary product, it is easy to meet, and it is suitable for daily needs.
Star anise, fragrant and melancholy, and a good product with a good taste, is indispensable in cooking. Its quality is also affected by many factors. Such as the apology of the year, if the land is in a new year, the amount of star anise is too large, and the price may drop slightly; if it is in a new year, the amount is too small, and the price will rise. Furthermore, the demand of the market is also due to the strong demand of restaurants and taste industries, and the price will be increased from the top.
Lylic acid, this material is useful in the fields of manufacturing, chemical industry and so on. Its market size is determined, and it is easy to take the cost and technology of production. If the work of production is refined, the cost may be reduced, and the cost will also be reduced. On the contrary, if raw materials are scarce, or the technology bottle is broken, the cost will increase, and the price will remain high. In short, the market value of these three is not uniform, and it is the result of the interaction of general factors. Both merchants and users need to pay attention to it in order to control it.

Alum stone is commonly used in alchemy and medicine, and its preservation conditions are quite exquisite. "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not describe the preservation of alum stone in detail, but according to its nature and ancient experience, some preservation essentials can be known.
Alum stone is easy to deliquescent and must be placed in a dry place. Ancient alchemy houses and pharmacies often paved the ground with earth bricks, using its water absorption to dry the room. Alum stone is stored in urns and jars, covered and sealed to prevent moisture invasion. If alum stone is damp, it is easy to agglomerate, deteriorate, and lose its effectiveness.
In addition, alum stone should not be exposed to the hot sun. Direct sunlight not only causes rapid loss of water, but also changes its shape, and may cause changes in its chemical composition. The ancients mostly stored it in a cool place, such as cellars, caves, or in a backlit place in the house, to avoid the damage of sunlight.
Furthermore, alum stone should not be mixed with other things. Its nature is lively, and contact with acids, alkalis and other substances can easily cause chemical reactions, which will damage its quality. Therefore, it is often stored alone, and the surrounding objects should be clean and odor-free, so as not to be contaminated with impurities and odors.
Preserve alum stone, so that it is dry, cool and isolated from other things. In this way, its quality can be guaranteed, and it can be used in alchemy and medicine to show its full effectiveness.