QUINOLINE-6-BORONIC ACID

Borax is a mineral containing boron, and its chemical properties are quite unique. The chemical formula of borax is $Na_2 [B_4O_5 (OH) _4] · 8H_2O $. At room temperature, it is a colorless translucent crystal or a white crystalline powder.
Borax is water-soluble and its aqueous solution is alkaline. This is because the borate ions in borax react with water to form hydroxide ions, so the solution is alkaline. When borax is heated, it gradually loses its crystalline water, and it is accompanied by changes in color and morphology. At high temperatures, borax can melt into glassy substances, which is important in many fields such as metallurgy and glass manufacturing.
Borax can act as a neutralizing agent in chemical reactions. Due to the alkalinity of its aqueous solution, it can neutralize with acids to form corresponding salts and water. Borax can also react with certain metal ions to form stable complexes. This property is used in analytical chemistry and is often used for the identification and separation of metal ions.
In the industrial field, borax is widely used in glass, ceramics, enamel and other industries due to the above chemical properties. In glass manufacturing, the addition of borax can improve the thermal and chemical stability of glass; in ceramic production, borax can reduce the melting point of ceramics and improve their process properties. In daily life, borax was also occasionally used for cleaning and anti-corrosion, but due to its toxicity, such applications are now strictly limited. The chemical properties of borax are rich and diverse, and it plays a key role in many fields. However, when using it, its safety and scope of application should also be fully considered.

Borax has a wide range of uses. In the field of medicine, it is often used as an agent to clear away heat and detoxify, reduce swelling and preservative. In surgery, it can treat sores, swelling and poison, throat swelling and pain, or make a powder for external use, in order to reduce swelling and pain, remove rot and build muscle.
In the way of alchemy and burning mercury, borax also has its uses. Dan family uses it to assist in the refining of mercury and lead and other substances, either as a catalyst or as a reconciliation, so as to help alchemy achieve its delicate properties. Although the principle involves many mysteries, the participation of borax increases its variables and possibilities for the alchemy process.
In casting, borax has a significant effect. It can be used as a flux to help smelt metals, reduce their melting point, remove impurities, and make metals purer and better in texture. In the casting of copper, iron, and other metals, borax is often used by craftsmen. The finished product is sturdy and durable, and the quality is improved.
In the printing and dyeing textile industry, borax is also indispensable. It can be used as a mordant. The aid dye adheres to the fabric, and the color is more bright and lasting. The fabric treated by it is not easy to fade, which is of great credit for the improvement of the quality of the fabric.
In daily use, borax also has traces. In detergents, it can increase its decontamination power, and in glass firing, it can make the glass more transparent and tough. It can be said to have a wide range of uses. In many fields, it shows its unique capabilities. Although it is a small thing, it is very useful.

"Tiangong Kaiwu" is a scientific and technological masterpiece written by Song Yingxing in the Ming Dynasty, and it has written a lot on various processes and technologies. As for the synthesis method of boric acid, although it is not directly recorded in the book, according to the chemical knowledge and technological level at that time, several possible methods may be deduced.
First, the method of using borax as raw material. Borax may have been known in ancient times that borax can be reacted with acids to obtain boric acid. For example, many examples of acid-base reactions are mentioned in "Tiangong Kaiwu". The ancients may have known that the reaction of acids and salts can form new compounds. The reaction formula of borax (Na ³ B O) with strong acids such as sulfuric acid (H ³ SO) is roughly: Na ³ B O + H ³ SO + 5H ³ O = 4H 🥰 BO 🥰 + Na ³ SO. Dissolve borax in water, slowly add an appropriate amount of sulfuric acid, stir and heat to make the reaction fully proceed, and then through evaporation, crystallization and other steps, boric acid crystals can be obtained.
Second, extract from boron-containing minerals. There are many boron-containing minerals in nature, such as borosite. Ancient craftsmen have considerable experience in mineral smelting and extraction. The boron-containing minerals can be crushed first, soaked in water or a specific solvent, so that the boron element can be dissolved in the form of a certain compound. Then the solution is filtered, impurity removal and other treatments can be used to remove impurities by precipitation and adsorption. Subsequently, by adjusting the pH of the solution, boron elements can be precipitated in the form of boric acid. This process requires a precise grasp of the mineral properties and chemical changes of the solution. Although the method of extracting boric acid from boron-containing minerals is not detailed in Tiangong Kaiwu, the concept of mineral processing may be used for reference.
Third, biological methods may be used. There are examples of material transformation using microbial fermentation in ancient times. Or there are some microorganisms that can convert boron-containing substances into boric acid under specific conditions. Although there is no exact literature to show that such microorganisms have been discovered by the ancients, the miraculous role of microorganisms in the natural environment cannot be underestimated. Some craftsmen may accidentally observe related phenomena in practice and then explore the method of using biological transformation to synthesize boric acid. However, this is only speculation, and more historical data and research are needed to confirm it.

There are many things to pay attention to when storing and transporting alum stone.
First heavy packaging. When containing alum stone in a solid and sealed container to prevent it from getting damp or reacting with other substances. Because alum stone is corrosive to a certain extent, if the packaging is not good, or the container is damaged and then leaked, not only will the alum stone be lost, but also the surrounding environment and personnel safety may be endangered. In the past, alum stone was held in a rough skin bag. When traveling on the road, the skin was damaged in case of bumps, and the alum stone was spilled, polluting the soil and causing the surrounding grass and trees to wither. This is a lesson from careless packaging.
The second is the storage environment. It should be placed in a dry, ventilated and cool place, away from fire and heat sources. If the environment is humid, alum stone is prone to deliquescence, affecting its quality and performance; close to the fire source heat source, or cause dangerous chemical reactions. There were warehouses, because of the proximity of the stove and the extreme heat in summer, the stock of alum stone was heated and reacted, producing pungent smoke, which almost led to disaster.
Furthermore, the transportation process should not be taken lightly. The means of transportation should be clean and dry, and should avoid mixing with acids, alkalis and other chemicals. Mixed transportation can easily cause chemical reactions and lead to safety accidents. If in the past, alum stone and alkali were transported in the same vehicle, and they reacted with each other on the way, and the vehicle smoked. Fortunately, it was found in time without serious consequences.
In addition, when handling alum stone, the operator should take necessary protective measures, such as protective clothing, gloves and goggles. Due to contact with the skin or eyes, it may cause burns. There have been workers who carried alum stone with their bare hands without protection, and the skin on the back of the hand was red, swollen and festering, and painful.
All these are the key points that should be paid attention to when storing and transporting alum stone. Don't be careless, so as not to cause disaster.

Borax is cold in nature and has a wide range of medicinal uses. As for its market price, it varies roughly from time to time and from place to place.
In the market, the quality of borax varies from good to bad, and its price also varies. Ordinary, the price per catty may be between tens and hundreds of yuan. If it is refined and has good texture, the price may be slightly higher, up to about 150 yuan per catty.
However, its price is not constant. When the years are smooth and the products are abundant, the supply of goods may be sufficient, and the price may stabilize or even decline slightly; if there are natural and man-made disasters, agricultural work is blocked, mining is difficult, and the supply of borax is scarce, the price will rise. And in the four places, the traffic congestion is different, the amount required is different, and the price is also different. In the capital of Dayi, merchants gather, and the price is high or flat; in remote towns, the price is high or high.
Furthermore, between cities, it is also affected by many factors such as the operation of merchants and tax regulations. Therefore, if you want to know the exact market price of borax, you need to go to the city in person and inquire in detail before you can get it.