quinoline-4-carboxylic acid

Borax is a common mineral. Its main uses are quite extensive and involved in many fields in ancient times.
In medicine, borax has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxifying. The "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "Borax, sweet taste, slightly salty, cool in nature, non-toxic." It is often used to treat sore throat, sores in the mouth and other diseases. Doctors use it as a medicine to relieve the heat poison of the upper burner and relieve pain. If it is made into a powder and applied to the affected area, it can reduce swelling and pain and promote wound healing.
In the field of alchemy and craft production, borax is also indispensable. When alchemy, borax can be used as a flux. Alchemists know that borax can reduce the melting point of minerals and promote better fusion reaction of different substances. In metal smelting, borax helps to remove impurities on the surface of metals and improve the purity and quality of metals. For ceramic firing, borax can be used as one of the glaze components. Applied to the ceramic body and fired at high temperature, it can make the glaze smooth and bright, adding beauty and quality to the ceramic. At the same time, borax can also enhance the hardness of the glaze surface, making it more wear-resistant.
In daily life, borax is also useful. For example, in the printing and dyeing industry, borax can be used as a mordant. It can help the dye adhere better to the fabric, making the dyeing more uniform and firm, and the color is lasting and bright.
To sum up, borax played an important role in ancient medicine, craftsmanship, and daily life, bringing many conveniences and benefits to the production and life of the ancients.

Borax is a common chemical substance. Its physical properties are quite unique and have several significant characteristics.
First of all, its appearance, borax is often colorless and translucent crystalline, or white crystalline powder. Its texture is delicate, smooth to the touch, or crystal clear under light, just like the warmth of jade, it is very pleasing to the eye.
Second, in terms of its solubility, borax has considerable solubility in water. In hot water, borax can dissolve quickly to form a uniform solution. This property makes it useful in many fields, such as in some chemical processes, borax needs to be dissolved to participate in the reaction.
Furthermore, borax has a certain melting point. When the temperature rises to a certain level, borax will melt from solid to liquid. The exact value of its melting point varies slightly depending on the purity of borax and environmental conditions. However, roughly speaking, under appropriate heating conditions, borax will undergo a phase change.
In addition, the density of borax is also one end of its physical properties. Its density is moderate. Compared with some light metal compounds, borax is slightly heavy, but it is much lighter than most heavy metal salts. This density characteristic has an impact on the separation, purification, and storage and use of borax in specific containers.
The physical properties of borax in terms of appearance, solubility, melting point, density, etc., enable it to play a unique role in many fields such as industry, medicine, scientific research, etc., and contribute its unique value to human production, life and scientific exploration.

Borax is a compound of boron, and its chemical properties are quite characteristic. Borax, chemically called sodium tetraborate decahydrate, has a regular crystal structure. When dissolved in water, it can dissociate a variety of ions, showing a unique chemical behavior.
Borax is alkaline and can neutralize with acids. In case of strong acid, borax has a significant neutralization ability, generating boric acid and corresponding salts. This reaction is like a confrontation between two armies, with acid and base phases, each developing its own properties to achieve a new balance. If it encounters hydrochloric acid, borax is like a stable general, fighting with hydrochloric acid to form boric acid and sodium chloride, and the properties of the solution change accordingly.
Borax can also undergo hydrolysis in aqueous solution. Due to the characteristics of borate ions, it can combine with hydrogen ions ionized by water, making the solution weakly alkaline. This process is like the ripples of water, gently touching, but causing changes in properties. The alkalinity of borax after hydrolysis makes it useful in many fields. For example, in some chemical processes, the pH of the solution can be adjusted, just like a skilled craftsman fine-tuning utensils to make it fit the needs.
In addition, the stability of borax is also one of its important chemical properties. Under normal temperature and pressure, borax can maintain its own structure and properties stable, and is not easy to decompose. This stability is like a strong fortress, protecting the chemical nature of borax. However, when external conditions such as temperature and humidity change drastically, borax will also respond, or lose crystal water, or undergo structural changes, just like a warrior who responds to external challenges. Although it adheres to its nature, it also changes with the situation.
The chemical properties of borax are diverse, and alkalinity, hydrolysis and stability are intertwined, forming its unique chemical properties. It plays an indispensable role in many fields such as industry, medicine, and scientific research, just like a shining star, shining a unique light in the chemical firmament.

The synthesis method of borax, although not as detailed as it is today in ancient times, has various methods of exploration.
First, start with boron ore. The boron ore is mined, which contains boron properties, and it is broken up into small pieces, which is convenient for subsequent work. Then, the stone is placed in a special tool, and acid is added to dissolve it. The acid, such as sulfuric acid, can be used to analyze the formation of boron in the boron ore in the liquid. When it is fully reacted, the boron ions in the liquid are already present, but it is still mixed with other substances. At this time, the method of filtration can be used to remove its insoluble impurities and obtain a purer boron-containing solution.
Second, the complex decomposition reaction of borax can be used. Take a salt containing boron, such as sodium borate, and a salt containing calcium or magnesium, in an appropriate proportion, and place it in water to dissolve it. Then, control its temperature and stir its liquid to promote its reaction. Sodium capillary borate reacts with calcium or magnesium salts to produce borax and other salts. After the reaction is completed, due to the different solubility of borax at different temperatures, the borax can be precipitated in the solution by cooling and crystallization, and other salts can be left in the remaining liquid, and then filtered, washed, and dried to obtain borax crystals.
Third, there is a method of synthesizing boric acid and alkali. Prepare boric acid first, dissolve it in water, and form a boric acid solution. Then, slowly add alkali solution, such as sodium hydroxide solution, and stir while adding to control its pH value. When the reaction is moderate, boric acid and alkali form borax. After evaporation and concentration, the water in the solution is gradually removed, and the concentration of borax is increased. When the supersaturation state is reached, the borax crystallizes after cooling, and after separation and drying, pure borax can be obtained.
Although these methods are different, they are all for the synthesis of borax, or by the decomposition of ore, or by the transformation of complex decomposition, or by the combination of acid and alkali, all are the way to obtain borax.

The market price of the four carboxes in Fangyang is affected by many factors, so it is difficult to determine one of them hastily.

The market price is primarily determined by the supply and demand situation. If the demand for the four carboxes is wide and they are used in various industries, and there are many people who want them but few who supply them, then their prices will rise. On the contrary, if the supply exceeds the demand, the goods are piled up but few people use them, and the prices will tend to fall. As mentioned in "The Exploitation of the Works of Nature", the prices of various things also vary with the changes in supply and demand.

In addition, the cost of production is also a key factor. If the cost of materials and labor for collecting the four carboxes is numerous, and the cost of equipment and manpower is huge, the cost is high, and the market price is naturally not cheap. However, if the magic is improved and the cost is reduced, the price may fall. Just like the smelting in ancient times, if the method is good, the output of iron will increase, the cost will decrease, and the price will also change.

Furthermore, the difference in season and region also has an impact. If the four-carboxylic acid is abundant in a certain place at one time, the price may be slightly lower; if it is hard to find in other places, the price will definitely be high. There are also peak and off-peak seasons. When there are many users, the price is high; when there is less demand, the price falls.

In short, the market price of the four-carboxylic acid in Fangyang varies according to supply and demand, cost, time and place. It may vary from a few dollars to several taels of silver per catty, but this is just a rough guess. The actual price should depend on the specific situation and it is difficult to generalize.