Quinoline-3-carboxylic acid

Borax, its main use is quite a lot. As recorded in "Tiangong Kaiwu", the use of borax is related to metallurgy.
First, in the business of casting mirrors, mirrors are important instruments in ancient times, and good copper is required for mirror making. Borax can help purify copper here. Copper often contains impurities. If it is not removed, the cast mirror is not smooth and difficult to image clearly. Borax can combine with impurities in copper and float on the copper liquid, which is easy to remove, so that the cast mirror has a fine texture and can be identified by light.
Second, in weapon casting, it is particularly critical. Ancient weapons are related to the victory or defeat of wars and the life and death of soldiers. Borax can improve metal properties and make weapons more tough and sharp. Taking the sword as an example, adding an appropriate amount of borax can make the structure of the steel more uniform, and when quenching, it can better control the balance of hardness and toughness. The sword created in this way is not easy to break, but also can cut iron like mud, and exert a powerful power on the battlefield.
Third, it is also applied in alchemy. In ancient times, alchemists pursued the medicine of immortality, and borax was often one of the ingredients in their alchemy formulas. Although the medicine of immortality was never refined, the exploration of the characteristics of borax in the process of alchemy also accumulated experience for the development of later generations of chemistry. Borax either plays a catalytic role in the chemical reaction of alchemy, or participates in the conversion of components. Although the ancient people did not fully understand the principle, it opened the study of material changes.
According to "Tiangong Kaiwu", it can be seen that borax played an important role in many industries in ancient times and made great contributions to the development of process technology at that time.

Borax is a mineral containing boron and has many physical properties. Its color state varies, often in the form of white powder, or colorless crystals, with a fine texture and a slippery feel to the touch.
In terms of its hardness, borax has a relatively low hardness, with a Mohs hardness of about 2-2.5. It is easier to be scratched, scratched with nails, or can leave marks. This property makes it easier to shape in some processes.
The density of borax is about 1.73 g/cm3, which is relatively light. Compared with common metals, its weight is lighter, and it can be felt in the hand.
Solubility is also one of the important physical properties of borax. Borax is soluble in water, especially in hot water, and its solubility increases significantly. When the water temperature rises, borax can quickly disperse in water to form a uniform solution. However, in cold water, the dissolution rate is slightly slower and the solubility is relatively low.
The melting point of borax also has its own characteristics, about 743 ° C. When heated to this temperature, borax will gradually melt from solid to liquid, and the shape will change. This property is widely used in metallurgy and other fields. It can be used as a flux to reduce the melting point of metals and make metals easier to melt and process.
In addition, borax has a certain luster and is glassy. It can be seen that its surface refracts soft light under light, giving it a unique appearance. This glossy quality can add a unique visual effect in some jewelry and decorative materials applications.

Borax, its chemical properties are specific. Borax, scientific name sodium tetraborate, is colorless and translucent crystal or white powder.
It is water-soluble, and it is easier to dissolve in hot water. The aqueous solution of borax is weakly alkaline, which is caused by the hydrolysis of borax to generate hydroxyl ions. And borax has buffering properties, which can maintain the stability of the pH of the solution to a certain extent.
Borax reacts when it encounters acid and can form boric acid. Boric acid is rather weak. The essence of its reaction is the process of combining borax anions in borax with hydrogen ions in acid.
Borax also has complexation properties and can form complexes with many metal ions. This property is widely used in analytical chemistry and other fields, and can be used to separate and identify metal ions.
Furthermore, borax has a certain degree of reductivity. In a specific chemical reaction system, borax can provide electrons to cause other substances to undergo reduction reactions. However, its reductivity is slightly weaker than that of common strong reducing agents.
Borax will gradually lose water when heated, and then decompose. Its decomposition products vary according to temperature and other conditions. The characteristics of this thermal stability need to be carefully considered in processes such as material preparation.

The third part of the recipe is the method of oxalic acid. One method is to start with the wood vinegar liquid, take the amount of wood vinegar, put it in a kettle, add sulfuric acid, cook it slowly, and mix it. The contents of wood vinegar are sulfuric acid phase, and the crystals of raw oxalic acid. When cold, take the crystals in a container, then wash it with water, remove the mixture, and you can get the quality of oxalic acid.
Another method is to dissolve glucose in this way. First, take glucose and dissolve it in water, add it into yeast and other leavened materials, so that the glucose can be leavened and produced ethanol. And, with a special catalyst, add oxygen to ethanol to oxidize it to obtain acetic acid. Then by the method of oxidation, such as using high-acid oxidation, etc., the acetic acid is oxidized in one step, and oxalic acid is formed. After the reaction, cold mixture, oxalic acid is precipitated in it, as in the previous method, take it in a container, and wash the essence with water.
There is a method to use formic acid as the basis. Take formic acid, sulfuric acid is co-placed in the device, and then add. Formic acid is phase-transformed with sulfuric acid, oxalic acid comes out, and the sedimentation of raw sulfuric acid is the same. After the reaction, the sulfuric acid is removed by a container, and the liquid contains oxalic acid. Then the steaming, cooling, crystallization, and washing steps can be obtained. This method has its own characteristics, and the materials used, the equipment and the required degree are different.

In today's world, what is the price of borax in the market? This is a matter of concern to everyone. Looking at the past years, the price of borax often changes due to various reasons.
In the past, the price of borax in the city may vary according to the distance of the place of origin, the amount of production, and the urgency of demand. If the place of origin is abundant and close to the city, the price may be slightly cheaper; if the place of origin is remote, transportation is difficult, or when there is a need for a lot of time, the price must rise.
I have heard that in a good year, the production of borax is quite abundant, and the supply in the city exceeds the demand. The price may fall between tens of dollars per catty. In the event of a disaster, or the place of origin changes, the output decreases sharply, but the user does not decrease, and the demand exceeds the supply, the price can rise to hundreds or even hundreds of dollars per catty.
And the market is capricious, and the plans of merchants and the relaxation of government orders also have a great impact on the price of borax. Merchants hoarding goods in a strange way, the price will rise; if the government orders to facilitate its circulation, the price will be stable.
At present, the four sides are stable, business travel is smooth, and the production of borax is relatively stable. The price is roughly around 100 dollars per catty, but it is not certain, or it fluctuates slightly according to the supply and demand of the market and the quality. However, roughly speaking, the price of each catty is mostly between 80 and 120 yuan, so that the public can know.