3-Quinolineboronic acid

3-pentene-2-ketoacid, its shape is light yellow to colorless and transparent liquid, with a specific odor, and is very important in the field of organic synthesis. Its chemical properties are as follows:
1. ** Acidic **: This molecule contains carboxylic groups (-COOH), so it is acidic and can neutralize with bases to form carboxylic salts and water. Take the reaction with sodium hydroxide as an example, its reaction formula is: 3-pentene-2-ketoacid + NaOH → 3-pentene-2-ketoacid sodium + H2O O. In this reaction, the hydrogen of the carboxyl group dissociates and combines with the hydroxide ion to form water, while the carboxyl group becomes a carboxyl negative ion and forms a salt with the sodium ion. This property makes it useful in the preparation of certain organic salts.
2. ** Reaction of ethylenic bond **: The carbon-carbon double bond (C = C) in the molecule gives it unsaturation and can undergo an addition reaction. If it encounters bromine water, the double bond is opened, and the bromine atom is added to the two carbon atoms respectively, fading the bromine water. The reaction formula is: 3-pentene-2-ketoic acid + Br ² → 3,4-dibromo-2-pentanoic acid. In organic synthesis, this addition reaction is often used to introduce bromine atoms or other functional groups. And under the action of an appropriate catalyst, it can be added with hydrogen, and the double bond can be converted into a single bond to generate saturated pentanoic acid. This is the way to prepare saturated carboxylic acids.
3. ** Ketone group reaction **: The ketone group (C = O) in the molecule is also active. It can be added to nucleophiles, such as with alcohols under acid catalysis, to form ketals. Taking the reaction with ethanol as an example, the condensation reaction generates ketal products and water. This reaction is often used in organic synthesis to protect the ketone group from being affected in subsequent reactions. In addition, ketone groups can also be reduced, such as with strong reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride, which can be reduced to alcohol hydroxyl groups to obtain pentenoic acid derivatives containing hydroxyl groups, which enriches the types of products and expands the application range in organic synthesis.

3-Glutaric acid is an organic compound with a wide range of uses in chemical, pharmaceutical and other fields. Common synthesis methods are as follows:
** 1. Using glutaric anhydride as raw material **
1. ** Reaction principle **: Glutaric anhydride can be converted into 3-pentanoic acid after partial reduction. Glutaric anhydride is usually selectively reduced with suitable reducing agents, such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH). In the glutaric anhydride structure, a carboxyl group is reduced to a hydroxyl group, which is then eliminated to form a double bond, thereby obtaining 3-pentanoic acid.
2. ** Operation process **: In a dry reaction vessel, under the protection of low temperature and inert gas, lithium aluminum hydride is slowly added to an organic solvent containing glutaric anhydride (such as anhydrous ether). After the reaction proceeds smoothly, gradually heat up and stir to make the reaction sufficient. After the reaction is completed, the crude product of 3-pentenoic acid can be obtained through post-treatment steps such as hydrolysis, acidification, and extraction, and then purified by distillation.
** Second, using acrylic aldehyde and malonic acid as raw materials **
1. ** Reaction principle **: Knoevenagel condensation reaction occurs between acrylic aldehyde and malonic acid under the action of an alkaline catalyst. The active methylene of malonic acid is affected by the alkaline catalyst, and nucleophilic addition occurs with the carbonyl group of acronaldehyde, followed by dehydration to form 3-pentenoic acid.
2. ** Operation Process **: Acronaldehyde, malonic acid and an appropriate amount of basic catalyst (such as pyridine) are added to the reaction kettle, and toluene and other organic solvents are used as the reaction medium. Under heating and stirring conditions, the reaction is carried out for several hours. After the reaction is completed, the reaction system is cooled, and the unreacted raw materials and by-products are removed by washing with water, liquid separation, distillation, etc., to obtain high-purity 3-pentenoic acid.
** III. Using 3-pentenoaldehyde as the raw material **
1. ** Reaction principle **: 3-pentenal can be oxidized to convert the aldehyde group into a carboxyl group to obtain 3-pentenoic acid. Commonly used oxidizing agents include manganese dioxide (MnO 2), Jones reagent (CrO < 2. ** Operation process **: If manganese dioxide is used as an oxidizing agent, 3-pentenal and manganese dioxide are mixed in a suitable organic solvent (such as dichloromethane), and the reaction is stirred at a certain temperature. During the reaction, the aldehyde group is gradually oxidized to a carboxyl group. After the reaction is completed, solid impurities such as manganese dioxide are filtered off, and the filtrate is concentrated and purified to obtain 3-pentenoic acid products.

3-Pentylboronic acid has a wide range of uses and is useful in various fields.
In the field of organic synthesis, this is a key reagent. It is often a participant in carbon-carbon bond formation reactions, such as the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. In this reaction, 3-pentylboronic acid and organic halides can efficiently generate carbon-carbon bonds in the presence of palladium catalysts and bases to build complex organic molecular structures. With this, many biologically active natural products and drug molecules can be synthesized, and it also lays the foundation for the synthesis of new organic materials in materials science.
In the field of medicinal chemistry, its importance cannot be underestimated. Through the Suzuki-Miyapura coupling reaction, using 3-pentenylboronic acid as raw material, compounds with diverse structures can be designed and synthesized, from which potential pharmacological activities can be screened to develop new drugs. It can be seen in the synthesis of many anti-cancer and antiviral drugs.
In the field of materials science, 3-pentenylboronic acid also has great skills. It is used to prepare functional organic materials, such as organic optoelectronic materials. Through specific organic synthesis strategies, it can be introduced into polymer structures to regulate the electronic and optical properties of materials, thereby improving the performance of organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), organic solar cells and other devices.
In addition, in the field of supramolecular chemistry, 3-pentylboronic acid can participate in the construction of supramolecular structures. Due to its unique chemical structure, it can self-assemble with other molecules through non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds 、π - π interactions to form ordered supramolecular aggregates, providing the possibility for the development of new supramolecular materials.

At present, the price of potassium trioxalate ferrate in the market often varies depending on the quality, process, and quantity. Generally speaking, if it is an ordinary chemical reagent grade and the purity reaches the common standard, the price per 500 grams is about tens of yuan to more than 100 yuan.
However, if its purity is extremely high, it reaches analytical purity or even higher, and it is used in scientific research, precise analysis and other fields, the price is higher. The third grade of potassium oxalate ferrate, the price of 500 grams or more than 200 yuan, or even higher, is not easy to prepare because of high purity, and the requirements for raw materials and processes are very strict.
And if the purchase quantity is very large, such as in kilograms or even tons, the merchant may give a certain discount due to the large quantity, and the unit price may be slightly reduced. On the contrary, if the purchase quantity is very small, only a few grams or tens of grams, the unit price may rise due to cost amortization such as packaging and transportation.
The price of potassium trioxalate ferrate fluctuates according to a variety of factors. Purchasers need to carefully observe the market situation according to the quality and quantity they need before they can get the appropriate price.

3-Pentylboronic acid often requires specific storage conditions to maintain its stability and quality. This substance should be stored in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Keep away from fires and heat sources to prevent it from reacting or decomposing due to excessive temperature. Due to its sensitivity to air and humidity, it should be strictly sealed and stored. It is recommended to place it in an inert gas environment, such as nitrogen atmosphere, to avoid contact with oxygen and water vapor in the air.
When taking 3-pentylboronic acid, the operation should be rapid to reduce its exposure to air. If stored in a laboratory, it should be stored separately from oxidants and acids. Due to its active chemical properties, contact with these substances may cause dangerous reactions. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials for containing leaks to prevent accidental leaks and reduce hazards in a timely manner.
Proper storage is of great significance to 3-pentylboronic acid. Improper storage, such as temperature and humidity discomfort or exposure to air and water vapor, can deteriorate 3-pentylboronic acid, affect its use in organic synthesis and other fields, and even cause safety problems. Therefore, following the above storage conditions is essential to ensure the quality and safety of 3-pentylboronic acid.