Ethyl 5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate (ethyl 5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate) is an organic compound with specific chemical properties.
In terms of physical properties, it is mostly solid at room temperature. Due to the presence of polar groups such as nitro and ester groups, it has a certain polarity. It has good solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone, but poor solubility in water. In terms of melting point, it will vary due to purity and other factors, usually within a certain temperature range. This property can help it to determine purity by melting point measurement in separation and purification.
Chemically, the nitro group is a strong electron-absorbing group, which reduces the electron cloud density of the imidazole ring and increases the difficulty of electrophilic substitution reaction on the ring, but improves the activity of nucleophilic substitution reaction on the ring. For example, when encountering nucleophiles, the nitro ortho or para-carbon atoms are easily attacked by nucleophiles, and then nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs. The presence of ester groups makes it possible to undergo typical ester reactions. In the hydrolysis reaction, under acidic conditions, it will slowly hydrolyze to form 5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid and ethanol; under basic conditions, the hydrolysis rate is accelerated to form carboxylate and ethanol. This hydrolysis property can be used to prepare related carboxylic acid compounds in organic synthesis.
In addition, the compound can also participate in the reduction reaction, and the nitro group can be reduced to an amino group to generate imidazole derivatives containing amino groups. This is a key step in the synthesis of biologically active or special functional organic compounds. Because amino groups can further participate in various reactions, such as reacting with acyl chloride to form amides, etc., it greatly expands its application in the field of organic synthesis.

In the synthesis of 5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, imidazole is often used as the starting material. First, imidazole is nitrified under suitable conditions, and nitro groups are introduced to obtain 5-nitroimidazole. In this step, appropriate nitrifying reagents, such as mixed acid (mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid), should be selected, and the reaction temperature, time and proportion of reagents should be controlled to achieve higher yield and selectivity.
Then, 5-nitroimidazole reacts with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of a base to form 5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. The alkali can be selected from potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, etc., and reacted in a suitable solvent, such as acetonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide. During the reaction, pay attention to temperature regulation to avoid side reactions.
Or, with 2-cyanimidazole as the starting material, nitrate to obtain 5-nitro-2-cyanimidazole first, and then hydrolyze and esterification, the target product can also be obtained. The hydrolysis step is catalyzed by acid or base to convert the cyanyl group into a carboxyl group; when esterification, ethanol is reacted with a suitable catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, under heated reflux conditions to form 5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.
Synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, which need to be weighed according to factors such as raw material availability, cost, yield and purity. During operation, strict safety procedures are followed to ensure that the reaction is carried out smoothly and efficiently to achieve the expected synthesis goals.

Ethyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid ester, this is an organic compound that has extraordinary uses in many fields.
In the field of medicine, its use is quite critical. Geimidazole compounds often have unique biological activities, ethyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid esters or can be used as key intermediates in drug synthesis. Through chemical modification and transformation, drug molecules with specific pharmacological activities can be constructed, or can be used to develop antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor and other drugs. Taking the research and development of anti-tumor drugs as an example, through clever design and synthesis, it may be able to show targeted effects on tumor cells, by interfering with the specific physiological processes of tumor cells, inhibiting their growth and diffusion, and bringing new opportunities to conquer tumor diseases.
In the field of materials science, it also has its place. Due to its structural properties, it may participate in the synthesis of polymer materials. By copolymerizing with other monomers, it can give materials special properties. For example, it can improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of materials, or give materials responsiveness to specific substances. In this way, in fields such as aerospace and automobile manufacturing that require strict material properties, it may play an important role in the development of high-performance new materials.
In agriculture, it also has potential applications. In view of its biological activity, it may be developed as a new type of pesticide. It may have inhibitory or killing effects on some pests and pathogens, and compared with traditional pesticides, it may have advantages such as low toxicity, high efficiency and environmental friendliness. This may provide a new way for agricultural pest control and help agricultural sustainable development.

Ethyl 5 - nitro - 1H - imidazole - 2 - carboxylate is an organic compound with unique physical properties and is closely related to its structure.
Looking at its properties, it is usually in a solid state. Due to the existence of various forces between molecules, such as van der Waals force, hydrogen bonds, etc., the molecules are arranged in an orderly manner, so they are solid at room temperature. Its melting point is in a specific range, which depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces. In the molecular structure, the presence of nitro and carboxyethyl ester groups enhances the intermolecular interaction and increases the melting point.
In terms of solubility, the compound has a certain solubility in organic solvents, but it is difficult to dissolve in water. The molecules of organic solvents can form similar forces with the molecules of the compound, following the principle of "similarity and dissolution". However, the polarity of water is quite different from the polarity of the compound molecule, and it is difficult for water molecules to interact effectively with the compound molecule, so it is difficult to dissolve.
In terms of density, the molecule contains atoms with relatively large atomic mass such as nitrogen and oxygen, and has a compact structure, resulting in a relatively large density.
In addition, the color of Ethyl 5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate may be colorless to light yellow, which is due to the absorption and reflection characteristics of light by the molecular structure. Chromophores in molecules, such as nitro, can absorb specific wavelengths of light and exhibit corresponding colors.
The physical properties of Ethyl 5-nitro-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate are determined by its molecular structure. These physical properties play a key role in its application in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and other fields.

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