alpha,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1h-imidazole-1-ethanol

I look at what you said about "α, 2-dibasic-5-cyano-1H-pyrazole-1-ethanol", which is one of the organic compounds. Its chemical structure is quite unique.
α is often used in organic chemistry to identify the atom or group at a specific position, in this compound, or to refer to the positional relationship of the substituent at a specific position. A binary group is a structural unit containing two specific atoms or atomic groups connected to each other, in the overall structure of the compound, or as a key part of the basic framework. < Br >
5-cyano, indicating that there is a cyano group (-CN) attached to the specific number 5 of the compound. Cyanyl is a common functional group in organic chemistry, which has certain chemical activity and has a significant impact on the properties of the compound, such as polarity and reactivity.
1H-pyrazole, which is a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic compound, and the pyrazole ring is the core structural part of the compound. The existence of the pyrazole ring endows the compound with diverse chemical properties. Due to the existence of nitrogen atoms, the electron cloud distribution on the ring is special, enabling it to participate in a variety of chemical reactions.
1-ethanol, which means that the part connected to the pyrazole ring is ethanol group. The introduction of ethanol group may change the physical properties such as solubility and hydrophilicity of the compound, and may also affect its chemical reaction path.
Overall, the chemical structure of "α, 2-dimethyl-5-cyano-1H-pyrazole-1-ethanol" is formed by the interaction of the substituent at a specific position and the pyrazole ring and ethanol group in the core. The interaction of each part jointly determines the chemical and physical properties of the compound.

In the situation described in "Tiangong Kaiwu", the main application pathways of α-dimethyl-5-cyano-1H-pyrazole-1-ethanol are quite involved.
In this compound, the α-dimethyl structure endows it with specific steric resistance and electronic effects. 5-cyano can participate in a variety of nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions. 1H-pyrazole rings have unique aromatics and reactivity, and 1-ethanol groups introduce hydrophilicity and modifiable check points.
In ancient times, although there was no modern precise chemical synthesis and analysis method, it can be deduced from the chemical wisdom contained in "Tiangong Kaiwu", or used in the preparation of some fine chemicals. Such as the production of ancient dyes, or the use of their structural properties, through a series of chemical reactions, converted into dye intermediates with specific colors and stability. Because its cyanyl group can be hydrolyzed into carboxyl groups, and then condensed with other natural raw materials to form bright and long-lasting dyes.
In the field of drug processing, it may also play a role. The processing of natural medicines by the ancients often involved complex chemical changes, and this compound may participate in the modification of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Its ethanol group can react with hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups in natural medicines to change the solubility and stability of the drug and improve the efficacy. < Br >
In some special material treatment, or as an auxiliary. For example, fabric waterproof treatment, the lipophilic and hydrophobic part of the structure can be adsorbed on the surface of the fabric to improve the performance of the fabric, while the hydrophilic ethanol base can ensure a certain compatibility, making the treatment process easier to achieve.

% CE% B1, its dibasic group is 2, the five-membered group is 5, and the acetamide containing 1H pyrrolide is particularly important. Acetamide is a colorless and transparent liquid with high boiling point and strong solubility, and can be miscible with water and alcohols. Due to the hydrogen bond between molecules, its melting point is low, about 197.4 ° C, its boiling point is quite high, reaching 221.2 ° C, and its density is about 1.159g/cm ³.
As for the modification containing 1H-pyrrolide, the pyrrole ring is an aromatic five-membered heterocycle, and its introduction can significantly modify the physical properties of acetamide. The solitary pair electrons of the nitrogen atom on the pyrrolide participate in the conjugation, which increases the density of the ring electron cloud, giving the compound unique electronic properties. Or it can affect the solubility of acetamide, and the solubility or loss in specific organic solvents. And because of its conjugate structure, or cause changes in the optical properties of the compound, such as the shift of absorption and emission spectra.
Re-discussion of the setting of the binary group is 2 and the five-membered group is 5. The interaction between the binary group and the five-membered group or between molecules has an important impact on the spatial structure arrangement. The binary group or can lead to a specific mode of interaction between molecules, such as the number and direction of hydrogen bonds, and the five-membered group contributes to the spatial hindrance and molecular shape. The synergy between the two makes the acetamide containing 1H-pyrrole group have a special crystalline habit and aggregate state structure, which in turn affects its macroscopic physical properties, such as melting point, boiling point, hardness, etc.

To obtain α, 2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-indole-1-acetic acid, refer to the following ancient methods:
First take an appropriate amount of indole as the group, and the activity check point on its ring is the most important. To introduce methyl at the second position, suitable methylation reagents can be selected, such as iodomethane. In an alkaline environment, the base can generate indole negative ions, enhance its nucleophilicity, and then replace it with iodomethane nucleophilic, and add methyl at the second position.
Then to obtain 5-nitro, the method of nitrification can be used. Mixed acid (nitric acid and sulfuric acid mixed in a certain proportion) is used as nitrifying reagent, and nitroyl positive ion (NO ²) produced by nitric acid under the action of sulfuric acid is used as electrophilic reagent to electrophilic substitution of indole ring, and nitro is introduced into 5 positions. This process requires temperature control to prevent side reactions from occurring. Due to the high activity of indole ring, improper temperature can easily lead to polynitroization or ring structure damage.
As for the 1-acetic acid part, indole 1-position hydrogen can be activated first, treated with a strong base such as sodium hydride, so that 1-position generates carbon negative ions, and then reacts with halogenated acetates, such as ethyl bromoacetate, to obtain 1-ethyl acetate derivatives. Subsequent hydrolysis steps are catalyzed by dilute acid or dilute base to hydrolyze ester groups into carboxyl groups to obtain α, 2-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-indole-1-acetic acid. During each step of the reaction, the product needs to be separated and purified, and column chromatography, recrystallization and other methods can be used to remove impurities and extract the purity of the product.

If you use "α, dimethyl-5-cyano-1H-pyrazole-1-ethanol", there are several ends that should be paid attention to.
One is related to the properties of this compound. This compound has specific chemical properties. In its molecular structure, dimethyl, cyano, pyrazole ring and ethanol group interact, making the properties unique. Cyanyl has a certain reactivity, or participates in reactions such as nucleophilic substitution; the conjugate structure of pyrazole ring affects its stability and electron cloud distribution, and may present a unique reaction check point in the reaction. When using it, it is necessary to know its chemical activity in detail to prevent accidental reactions. If it comes into contact with reagents with active hydrogen, or reacts due to the nucleophilicity of the cyanyl group, the product is unexpected.
Second, safety matters. 5-Cyanyl contains highly toxic cyanyl parts, and must be fully protected during operation. Avoid contact with the skin and respiratory tract in front of suitable protective gear, such as gas masks, protective gloves, laboratory clothes, etc. If you accidentally touch it, rinse it with plenty of water and seek medical attention. And it may release toxic gases such as hydrogen cyanide under specific conditions or decompose. The experimental environment should be well ventilated and a gas monitoring device should be installed to ensure safety.
Third, control of reaction conditions. In order to make α, dimethyl-5-cyano-1H-pyrazole-1-ethanol participate in the reaction to achieve the desired effect, the conditions should be controlled to the best. Temperature affects the reaction rate and selectivity. If the temperature rises or promotes the reaction, if it is too high, it may cause side reactions to increase. For example, in some condensation reactions, the temperature is inappropriate, or a variety of by-products are generated. Catalysts are also critical. Appropriate catalysts can reduce the activation energy of the reaction and increase the reaction efficiency. The choice of catalysts depends on the type of reaction and the characteristics of the substrate, otherwise it is difficult to achieve the ideal catalytic effect.
Fourth, storage methods. Because of its chemical properties, storage should be careful. It should be placed in a cool, dry, ventilated place, protected from light and heat sources. Cyanyl compounds may decompose and deteriorate due to the influence of light and heat, which affects their quality and performance. And it should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, etc., to prevent dangerous interaction.