4,5-dichloroimidazole

4,5-Difluorobenzamide is a crucial raw material in the field of organic synthesis and is widely used in many fields.
In the field of medicinal chemistry, its role is remarkable. Due to the unique electronic effect and biological activity of fluorine atoms, its introduction into drug molecules can significantly improve the lipid solubility, metabolic stability and affinity with targets. With 4,5-difluorobenzamide, a variety of compounds with specific pharmacological activities can be synthesized, such as antibacterial drugs, anti-tumor drugs, etc. Taking a new type of antibacterial drug as an example, 4,5-difluorobenzamide was used as the starting material. After multi-step reaction, the active molecule containing fluorobenzamide structure was successfully constructed, which showed excellent antibacterial activity against specific drug-resistant bacteria and provided a new way for clinical treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
In the field of pesticide chemistry, 4,5-difluorobenzamide also plays a key role. Fluorobenzamide-containing pesticides have the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity and environmental friendliness. Based on them, researchers have created a series of insecticides and fungicides. Such pesticides can precisely act on specific targets of pests or pathogens, interfering with their normal physiological metabolism, so as to achieve the purpose of control. An insecticide containing 4,5-difluorobenzamide structure has a significant poisoning effect on lepidoptera pests, and has high biosafety against non-target organisms. It has broad application prospects in the field of agricultural pest control.
In the field of materials science, 4,5-difluorobenzamide can be used as a functional monomer to participate in the synthesis of polymer materials. By polymerizing with other monomers, the material is endowed with special properties, such as improving the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and optical properties of the material. When synthesizing fluoropolymer materials, the introduction of 4,5-difluorobenzamide structural units can improve the weather resistance and chemical stability of the material, making it widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace and electronic devices.

4,5-Difluoroacetophenone is an organic compound with specific physical properties. Its properties are colorless to light yellow liquid, which is stable at room temperature and pressure. Looking at its color, the colorless to light yellow state makes it different from many other compounds in appearance. Such color characteristics may suggest the characteristics of its molecular structure, or have its own uniqueness in specific reactions and applications.
When it comes to odor, 4,5-difluoroacetophenone emits a special odor. The generation of this odor is closely related to the molecular structure. The combination of fluorine atoms, benzene ring and carbonyl group endows it with unique volatility and creates a unique odor. This odor may be used as a basis for preliminary identification of this compound, and is also of great significance in chemical production environment monitoring.
The boiling point of this compound is about 108-110 ° C, and this boiling point value indicates that its volatility is moderate. Compared with high-boiling compounds, 4,5-difluoroacetophenone is easier to transform into gaseous state at a relatively low temperature. This characteristic is quite critical in chemical separation and purification processes. According to this, suitable distillation temperature and other conditions can be selected to achieve separation from other compounds with large boiling points.
In terms of melting point, the melting point of 4,5-difluoroacetophenone is about -18 ° C. The lower melting point makes it a liquid at room temperature, and it is easy to flow when the temperature is slightly higher than the melting point. This characteristic is an important consideration during its storage and transportation. It is necessary to ensure that the temperature is appropriate to prevent it from solidifying or causing safety problems such as volatilization due to excessive temperature.
The density is about 1.274g/cm ³. This density value reflects the size of its mass per unit volume. It is significantly different from the density of common substances such as water. In chemical production, mixing, stratification, etc., density is an important reference index, and its distribution and behavior in different media can be predicted accordingly.
4,5-difluoroacetophenone is slightly soluble in water, but easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, etc. This difference in solubility is due to its molecular polar characteristics. The structure of benzene ring and fluorine atom makes the overall polarity of the molecule mismatch the polarity of water, so it is difficult to dissolve in water; and organic solvents such as ethanol and ether are more easily miscible due to similar miscibility principles. This solubility has important applications in organic synthesis, extraction and other fields, and suitable solvents can be selected for reaction or separation operations according to this characteristic.

The chemical properties of 4,5-difluoro-o-phenylenediamine are particularly important. This compound has a unique structure, containing a difluoro atom and a group of o-phenylenediamine.
Its physical properties, at room temperature, are mostly solid, or nearly white, or yellowish. The genus of melting point and boiling point varies depending on the interaction within the molecule. The introduction of fluorine atoms causes changes in molecular polarity and affects its solubility in solvents.
Chemical activity is also interesting. Amino groups are nucleophilic and easily react with electrophilic reagents. In organic synthesis, they can be used as key intermediates and participate in many reactions, such as condensation with carbonyl compounds to form nitrogen-containing heterocyclic structures. The nucleophilic attack of this reaction lysine, after the attack of carbonyl carbon, through a series of transformations, a new heterocycle is obtained.
Fluorine atoms give molecular special properties. Its high electronegativity, resulting in C-F bond stability, and can affect the electron cloud distribution of molecules. In the field of medicinal chemistry, the introduction of fluorine atoms can often change the biological activity, metabolic stability and fat solubility of compounds. In 4,5-difluoro-phthalediamine, fluorine atoms may affect its ability to bind to biological targets, and have potential applications in drug development.
In addition, its stability is also related to practical applications. Although the amino group is more active, the overall structure of the molecule may make the stability controllable. When stored and used under suitable conditions, it can maintain its relatively stable chemical properties and will not easily decompose or deteriorate, laying the foundation for its application in chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries.

The preparation method of 4,5-difluoropyrimidine can be as follows:
First, chemical synthesis is carried out from fluorine-containing starting materials. Take suitable fluorohalogenated hydrocarbons and pyrimidine derivatives, under specific reaction conditions, such as in a suitable solvent, catalyzed by a specific catalyst, undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction, so that fluorine atoms are connected to the 4,5 position of the pyrimidine ring. For example, 4-chloro-5-bromopyrimidine and fluoride can be obtained by reacting in a polar organic solvent in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. This process requires precise control of reaction temperature, time and material ratio to improve yield and purity.
Second, by the fluorination of pyrimidine compounds. First, the pyrimidine matrix is prepared, and then it is fluorinated with specific fluorinating reagents, such as high-priced fluorine reagents such as Selectfluor. Dissolve the pyrimidine substrate in a suitable solvent, such as acetonitrile, etc., add an appropriate amount of fluorinating reagents, and react at a certain temperature. In the reaction, the fluorinating reagent provides fluorine positive ions, which attack a specific position in the pyrimidine ring to generate 4,5-difluoropyrimidine. The key to this method is the amount of fluorinating reagents and the optimization of reaction conditions to avoid excessive fluorination or other side reactions.
Third, biosynthetic pathway. Utilize the catalytic properties of microorganisms or enzymes. Enzymes in some microorganisms can specifically catalyze substrates to generate 4,5-difluoropyrimidine-related intermediates, and then convert them to obtain the target product. For example, strains with specific catalytic activity are screened, and after culturing, they are fed with suitable fluorine-containing substrates. The microbial metabolic process is used to promote the substrate to react under the action of enzymes to form 4,5-difluoropyrimidine. This approach is green and environmentally friendly, but requires in-depth research on microbial screening, culture conditions and metabolic regulation to achieve efficient synthesis.

The price range of 4,5-difluoroacetophenone in the market is roughly between [X1] yuan and [X2] yuan per kilogram according to the current market conditions. This price is not constant and varies with various factors such as supply and demand in the market, the amount of production, and the price of materials.
If there is an oversupply and the stock is in the market, the price may decline; if there is too much demand, the demand will be numerous and the goods will be thin, and the price will rise. And the technological innovation of production and the difficulty of obtaining raw materials are all related to the price. If the production technology improves, the production efficiency increases, and the cost decreases, the price may also decrease; if the raw materials are difficult to obtain, the price will rise, causing the cost of 4,5-difluoroacetophenone to rise, and the price will also rise accordingly.
In addition, in different places, due to the difference in tax and the distance of transportation, the price may also be different. In places near the source of production, the transportation cost is reduced, and the price may be slightly lower; in places far from the source of production, it is difficult and costly to transport, and the price may be slightly higher. To know the exact price, you should carefully consider the state of the city and consult the merchants to obtain a more accurate number.